Explanation

• In the ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit), arithmetic and logical operations required during instruction execution are performed.
• ALU performs arithmetic operations such as addition and subtraction.
• It also performs logical and comparison operations.

Additional information:

• The Control Unit (CU) directs and coordinates the execution of instructions.
• Main Memory stores programs and data currently being used.
• The CPU consists mainly of the ALU, Control Unit, and registers.

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• Application software is designed to help users perform specific tasks.
• Examples include MS Word, MS Excel, PowerPoint, web browsers, and media players.

Additional information:

• Operating systems manage computer hardware and provide a platform for applications.
• System software controls and manages the computer system.

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• Topology in networking refers to the physical or logical arrangement of connected devices and their communication links in a network.
• Network topology describes how computers, devices, and network connections are arranged.
• Common topologies include Star, Bus, Ring, Mesh, and Tree.

Additional information:

• Star topology: Devices connect to a central hub or switch.
• Ring topology: Devices are connected in a circular arrangement.
• Mesh topology: Devices have multiple connections, providing high reliability.

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• The language that the computer can understand and execute directly is called Machine Language.
• Machine language consists of instructions in binary digits (0s and 1s).
• It is the lowest-level programming language.
• It is directly understood by the CPU.
• Assembly language uses mnemonics and must be translated by an assembler.

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• Assembly language is a low-level language that is closely related to the computer's machine language.
• It uses mnemonics such as MOV, ADD, and SUB instead of binary instructions.
• An assembler converts assembly language into machine code.

Additional information:

• BASIC, COBOL, and FORTRAN are generally classified as high-level languages.
• C and C++ are generally classified as high-level languages, although they provide low-level programming capabilities.

Last verified on 10-08-2026