Explanation

• A land Tax imposed on the non-Muslim cultivator and landlords was known as Kharag.
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• Kharāj (Arabic: خراج) is a type of individual Islamic tax on agricultural land and its products, developed under Islamic law. 
• Kharaj was originally a property tax paid only by non-Muslims, but Muslims had to pay a "tithe".
• But finally, the term  Kharaj refers to all taxes paid to Islamic authorities.
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• The list of taxes imposed under Firoz Shah Tughlaq is as follows: Kharaj: land tax which was equal to one-tenth of the produce of the land.
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• Jizyah, historically, a tax paid by certain non-Muslim minorities to rulers in Muslim states.
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• VU FIA UDC CONSTABLE PAST PAPER 31-12-2021

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Sultan Mehmed II conquered Constantinople on May 29, 1453.

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Jabir ibn Hayyan, commonly known as Geber in the West, lived during the 8th century.

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Ibn Battuta visited the court of Muhammad bin Tughluq, who was the Sultan of Delhi from 1325 to 1351.

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• Umar bin Abdul Aziz al-Habbari was the founder of the Habbari dynasty in Sindh.
• The Habbari dynasty was a Muslim dynasty that ruled Sindh from 854 to 1024 CE.

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• The decisive Battle of Hattin took place on July 4, 1187 CE.
• Saladin's army defeated the Christian Crusaders led by Guy of Lusignan, King of Jerusalem.

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Cordova was built by Abd al-Rahman I in 756 CE.

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Before invading Sindh, bin Qasim was the governor of Fars.