Explanation

• Output-based budgeting involves linking outputs with budget resources.
• It allocates funds based on the expected outputs or services to be delivered.
• This budgeting system focuses on performance, efficiency, and measurable results.
• It helps improve accountability by relating spending to outcomes.

Last verified on 20-07-2026

Explanation

• The audit risk has increased due to the bulk payment made to the vendor in cash.
• Large cash payments carry a higher risk of fraud, misappropriation, and weak audit evidence.
• Auditors treat high-value cash transactions as high-risk and examine them more carefully.
• The risk arises from the mode and amount of payment, not merely from making a large purchase.

Last verified on 20-07-2026

Explanation

• The accounts which cannot be made with the Single Entry System are Profit & Loss Account, Notional Accounts, and Trial Balance.

Additional information:

• Bookkeeping Systems: 2 (Single Entry & Double Entry)
• Single Entry: Incomplete accounting records
• Double Entry: Every transaction has 2 entries (Debit & Credit)
• Trial Balance: Prepared only under the Double Entry System
• Final Accounts: Trading Account, Profit & Loss Account, and Balance Sheet are properly prepared under the Double Entry System

Last verified on 20-07-2026

Explanation

• As per the Constitution, the validity period of funds available in a budget for Government utilization is one financial year.
• In Pakistan, the financial year runs from 1 July to 30 June.
• Duration: 12 months
• Budget Presented: Usually in June
• New Financial Year Starts: 1 July
• New Financial Year Ends: 30 June

Last verified on 20-07-2026

Explanation

List of largest provinces of Pakistan by Population.

List of largest provinces of Pakistan by Area.

Last verified on 10-06-2026

Explanation

• Azad Jammu & Kashmir is a Self-Governing State under Pakistan.
• It has its own President, Prime Minister, Legislative Assembly, and Supreme Court.
• It is not a province or district of Pakistan.

Additional information:

• Capital: Muzaffarabad
• Area: 13,297 km²
• Administrative Divisions: 3
• Districts: 10
• Established: 24 October 1947

Last verified on 20-07-2026

Explanation

• Merger Date: 24th May 2018
• Constitutional Amendment: 25th Amendment
• FATA Stands for: Federally Administered Tribal Areas
• Merged with: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK)
• Main Purpose: Integration of FATA into Pakistan's provincial and constitutional framework

Last verified on 06-07-2026

Explanation

• The first census in Pakistan was held in 1951.

Additional information:

Total nationwide censuses in Pakistan: 7

• 1st Census: 1951
• 2nd Census: 1961
• 3rd Census: 1972
• 4th Census: 1981
• 5th Census: 1998
• 6th Census: 2017
• 7th Census: 2023

Frequency: Every 10 years (approx.)

Historical start: 1872 (British rule, first census in the region)

Last verified on 17-01-2026

Explanation

• Adopted: 12 March 1949

• Adopting Body: Constituent Assembly of Pakistan

• Presented By: Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan

• Date of Presentation: 7 March 1949

Additional information:

• Total Members of Assembly: 75

• Members Supporting the Resolution: 21

• Minority Members: 10

• All amendments proposed by minority members were rejected.

• As a result, all 10 minority members voted against the resolution.

Last Updated on 12-01-2026

Explanation

• Became separate province: 1 April 1936, capital Karachi
• Annexed to Bombay Presidency: 1843
• Part of Pakistan: 14 August 1947 – 14 October 1955, capital Hyderabad
• Separation demanded by: Muhammad Ali Jinnah in 1929 under Government of India Act 1935
• First Muslim League Government in Sindh: 1943

Last verified on 15-01-2026