Explanation

• Oligogenic resistance refers to vertical resistance in plants, controlled by one or a few major genes.
• It provides specific resistance against particular strains of pathogens.

Additional information:

• Vertical resistance can be easily overcome by pathogen evolution.
• Commonly used in breeding for disease-resistant crop varieties.

Last verified on 20-01-2026

Explanation

• Parthenium hysterophorus is an invasive weed that causes severe damage to agriculture, livestock, and human health.
• Its global economic loss is estimated at about 36 billion dollars.

Additional information:

• Commonly known as Congress grass.
• It spreads rapidly due to high seed production and adaptability.

Last verified on 20-01-2026

Explanation

• Reducing post-harvest losses can significantly increase the overall food supply.
• Studies show that food availability can be increased by about 10–20% through better storage, transport, and processing.

Additional information:

Major causes of post-harvest losses:

• Poor storage facilities
• Inadequate transportation
• Improper handling
• Pest infestation
• Lack of cold chain systems

Last verified on 20-01-2026

Explanation

• Glycerin (glycerol) is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid.
• It is commonly used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food products.

Additional information:

• Glycerin is non-toxic and safe in small quantities.
• It acts as a humectant, helping retain moisture.

Last verified on 20-01-2026

Explanation

• A dormant seed is alive and viable but does not germinate even under favorable conditions.
• Dormancy is a protective mechanism to survive unfavorable environments.

Additional information:

• Dormancy can be broken by scarification, stratification, or temperature treatment.
• Dormant seeds ensure plant survival across seasons.

Last verified on 20-01-2026

Explanation

the Factories Act, 1934, in Pakistan, sets standard working hours for adults at 9 hours daily and 48 hours weekly

Seasonal Factories: Up to 9 hours/day, 50 hours/week.

Continuous Work: Up to 56 hours/week (with exceptions).

Overtime: Double the ordinary rate, capped at 150 hours/quarter. 

Explanation

The state with the largest number of Electoral College members in the U.S. presidential election is California

It has 54 electoral votes (52 House members + 2 Senators)

Explanation

The largest ethnic group without its own state is the Kurds

Numbering around 30-45 million people and spread across parts of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria,

Forming the stateless nation known as Kurdistan

Explanation

Yasir Arafat was the first President of the Palestinian Authority.

He died on 11 November 2004 in Paris, France.

He is also popularly known by his kunya Abu Ammar

Arafat received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1994

He was born in Cairo, Egypt, on 4 or 24 August 1929

Explanation

The Prime Meridian is the line of 0° longitude.

It passes through Greenwich, England.

It divides the Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres.

It was last established in 1851

It is used as the reference for Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).