Explanation

The area of a trapezium (or trapezoid) is found by averaging the lengths of its two parallel sides (a and b) and multiplying by the perpendicular height (h), using the formula:

Formula

Area = ½ × (sum of parallel sides) × height

Area = ½ × (a + b) × h 

Steps to Calculate

• Identify the lengths of the two parallel sides (a and b) and the perpendicular height (h).
• Add the lengths of the parallel sides (a + b).
• Multiply the sum by the height (h).
• Divide the result by 2 (or multiply by ½) to get the area. 

Explanation

The Pythagoras theorem asserts that in a right-angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse's length (C) is equivalent to the combined sum of the squares of the lengths of the other two sides (A and B)

Pythagoras Theorem:

It states that in a right-angled triangle:

c = √(a² + b²)

where c is the hypotenuse, and a and b are the other two sides.

This formula helps calculate the length of the hypotenuse.

Explanation

Two polygons are considered similar if and only if both of the following conditions are met: 

All corresponding sides are proportional: The ratio of the lengths of corresponding sides must be the same for all pairs of sides. This constant ratio is called the scale factor.

All corresponding angles are equal (congruent): Each angle in one polygon must have the exact same measure as its corresponding angle in the other polygon. 

Explanation

Red-green color blindness is the most common type of color vision deficiency.

It affects the ability to distinguish between red and green colors.

It is sex-linked, occurring mostly in males due to inheritance on the X chromosome.

There are two main types: protanopia (red deficiency) and deuteranopia (green deficiency).

Explanation

An epidemic is a disease that spreads rapidly across a large number of people in a region or community.

Examples include influenza outbreaks or cholera outbreaks.

Endemic refers to a disease that is constantly present in a particular area.

Explanation

Congruent objects are exactly the same in size and shape.

They can be superimposed perfectly on each other.

Examples include identical triangles, squares, or circles.

Explanation

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is secreted by the stomach lining.

It activates pepsinogen into pepsin, an enzyme that digests proteins.

HCl also kills harmful bacteria in food and creates an acidic environment.

Proper protein digestion is essential for amino acid absorption in the small intestine.

Explanation

Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting.

It helps produce clotting factors in the liver.

Deficiency can cause excessive bleeding or hemorrhage.

It is found in green leafy vegetables, vegetable oils, and some fruits.

Vitamin K is especially important for newborns and people with liver disorders.

Explanation

Vitamin A supports skeletal growth in children.

It is essential for vision, especially in low light (prevents night blindness).

Maintains healthy epithelial tissues like skin, lungs, and mucous membranes.

It also supports immune function and overall cell growth.

Deficiency can lead to growth retardation, vision problems, and skin issues.

Explanation

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) was first identified in 20 May 1983

By researchers Luc Montagnier and Françoise Barré-Sinoussi in France.

Their discovery linked HIV to AIDS, leading to significant advancements in understanding and managing the disease.