Explanation

External debt refers to the total amount of money a country owes to foreign creditors.

It includes loans, bonds, and other financial obligations.

Governments, corporations, and private sectors can all contribute to external debt.

Explanation

About Donald Trump (US business tycoon & politician) 

First became US president in 2016 until 2020

Second time became US president in 2024

Party affiliation: Republican Party (Election Symbol = Elephant)

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Explanation

The first SDG is “No Poverty” – to end poverty in all its forms everywhere.

It aims to ensure basic needs, access to resources, and social protection for all.

Poverty alleviation is crucial for sustainable economic and social development.

Explanation

China is identified as the world's leading producer of solar energy

LONGi Green Energy Technology is a major Chinese manufacturer of photovoltaics and a developer of solar projects.

It is the world's largest manufacturer of monocrystalline silicon wafers

The company was founded on 14 February 2000 by Li Zhenguo as Xi'an LONGi Silicon Materials Corporation.

Headquarters: Xi'an, Shaanxi, China

Explanation

One barrel of petroleum is a standard unit of measurement in the oil industry.

It equals 42 US gallons, which is approximately 159 liters.

In cubic meters, it is roughly 0.159 m³.

The UK gallon is larger, so one barrel equals about 34.97 UK gallons.

This unit is used worldwide for oil production, trading, and pricing

Explanation

The medulla oblongata is located in the brainstem.

It regulates involuntary functions such as heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure.

The cardiac center within the medulla controls heart rate and force of contraction.

It receives signals from the autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic).

Explanation

The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth’s atmosphere.

It extends from the Earth’s surface up to about 8–15 km (varies with latitude).

All weather phenomena like rain, clouds, and storms occur in this layer.

It contains approximately 75–80% of the atmosphere’s mass.

The temperature in the troposphere decreases with altitude.

Explanation

Magma is molten rock beneath the Earth’s surface.

When it erupts through a volcano or reaches the surface, it is called lava.

Lava cools and solidifies to form igneous rocks.

The flow of lava can create volcanic landforms like lava plateaus and volcanic cones.

Lava temperature ranges from 700°C to 1,200°C, depending on its composition.

Explanation

Metamorphic rocks are formed from pre-existing rocks (igneous, sedimentary, or older metamorphic rocks).

They are changed by high heat and/or pressure without melting.

Common examples include marble (from limestone) and gneiss (from granite).

The process is called metamorphism, meaning “change in form.”

Explanation