Explanation

• When the stock market is falling, it is typically called a correction (a drop of 10% or more)
• Or a bear market (a prolonged decline of 20% or more from recent highs).
• A sudden, severe drop is referred to as a market crash.

Additional information

• Bullish: The opposite; a period of rising prices, optimism, and strong economic growth.
• Crashing: A sudden, severe, and rapid decline in stock prices, usually due to panic or major economic shocks.

Last updated 17 july 2026 by NA

Explanation

• The computer mouse was invented and developed by Douglas Engelbart,
•  In 1964, at the Stanford Research Institute (SRI). 
• 1964: The prototype was built.
• 1968: Introduced to the public during the famous "Mother of All Demos".

Last update 0n 21-07-2026 by NA

Explanation

• Year: 750 CE (132 AH)
• Battle: Battle of the Great Zab (northern Iraq)
• Leaders: Abu Muslim led the revolt; Caliph Marwan II led the Umayyads
• Result: Fall of Damascus and rise of the Abbasid Caliphate

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Remember Tips

یاد کرنے کے لیے

1. Rashidin -30 years
2. Umayyad -100 years
3. Abbasid - 500 years
4. Ottoman Empire - 600 years

Last updated 25-07-2026 by NA

Explanation

• World Economic Forum (WEF)
• Formerly called: European Management Forum
• Purpose: Public-Private cooperation
• Established:  24 January 1971
• Founded by German engineer Klaus Schwab.
• Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
• Official language: English

Meeting of the World Economic Forum 2026

• Official theme: A Spirit of Dialogue
• Dates: January 12 to 16, 2026
• Edition: 56th
• Venue: Davos, Switzerland

Last updated 17 july 2026 by NA

Explanation

1. Afghanistan
2. Bangladesh
3. Bhutan
4. India
5. Nepal
6. Maldives
7. Pakistan
8. Sri Lanka

Last updated by NA on 16-07-2026

Explanation

• Location: River Chenab, Gujranwala District
• First Built: 1889
• Old Khanki Barrage: Built from 1892–1898
• Purpose: Diverts water to the Lower Chenab Canal
• One of Pakistan's oldest headworks
• New Khanki Barrage: Completed in 2017
• Purpose of New Barrage: Flood control and better water management

Last updated 27-07-2026 by NA

Explanation

• Presenter: Prime Minister Muhammad Ali Bogra
• Date: October 7, 1953
• Assembly: Constituent Assembly of Pakistan
• Main Goal: Solve representation issues and bridge political gaps between East Pakistan and West Pakistan
• He was the 3rd & 7th Minister of Foreign Affairs from 13 June 1962 till 23 January 1963
• Bogra was Minister of Defence from 17 April 1953 to 24 October 1954.

Last updated 25-07-2026 by NA

Explanation

• The first Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan was Khan Habibullah Khan,
• He took office on August 6, 1973.
• First Hindu Woman Senator: Kirshna Kumari
• First woman deputy chairperson: Dr Noor Jahan Panezai
• Youngest Senate chairman: Sadiq Sanjrani
• Members term: 6 years
• Senate elections: after 3 years

• Senate: Upper House of Pakistan
• Senate in Urdu: ایوان بالا
• Formation: 1973
• Original members: 45
• Raised to 63: 1977
• Raised 87: 2 March, 1985
• Raised to 100: 2002
• Half of the Senate members retire after: 3 years
• Head of Senate is called: Chairman
• National Assembly & Senate: Makes up the Parliament of Pakistan
• Seats for each province: 23
• Baluchistan Women Seats: 4
• Sindh Women Seats: 4
• KPK Women Seats: 4
• Punjab Women Seats: 4
• ICT Women Seat: 1
• Total Women Seats: 17

Last updated by NA on 16-07-2026

Explanation

• Article 25 of the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan deals with Equality of citizens.
  
• Article 25(A) of constitution of 1973 deals with Right to education.

Last updated 18-07-2026 by NA

Explanation

• Extempore means بغیر کسی تیاری کے، برجستہ
• Extempore refers to a speech or performance that is given without any prior preparation or memorization.
• It comes from the Latin phrase 'ex tempore', which means 'out of the moment'.
• It is often used in public speaking events and debates

Last updated 25-07-2026 by NA