Explanation

The dimension of work is like the dimension of Torque.             

Both work and torque have the same dimensional formula: [ML²T⁻²]

However, they are physically different quantities:  

- Work is a scalar (dot product of force and displacement).  

- Torque is a vector (cross product of force and radius).  

Explanation

The rate of flow of charge at a certain point is called the Electric Current.

- Formula: I = Q / t, where  

  - I = current (in amperes),  

  - Q = charge (in coulombs),  

  - t = time (in seconds).  

- Measured in Amperes (A).  

- Direction of current is taken as the direction of flow of positive charges (conventional current).

Explanation

In a reversible process, the entropy of the system remains constant. 

 A key characteristic of a reversible process is that it can be reversed without leaving any net change in the system or its surroundings, including the entropy. 

Explanation

A consistent and repeatable error caused by a flaw in equipment, technique, or experimental setup.

- Examples:

  - A faulty weighing scale always giving 0.2g extra.

  - Burette readings always off by 0.2 mL.

  - Incorrect calibration of instruments.

Explanation

- A voltmeter measures the potential difference (voltage) between two points in a circuit.  

- It is always connected in parallel to the component.  

- The SI unit of potential difference is the Volt (V).  

- Potential difference is the work done per unit charge to move a charge between two points.  

  - Formula: V = W / Q  

    - V = potential difference (volts)  

    - W = work done (joules)  

    - Q = charge (coulombs)  

- A voltmeter has high resistance so it doesn't draw current from the circuit.

Explanation

A metastable state is an excited state of an atom or molecule that has a significantly longer lifetime compared to other excited states, but is still shorter than the ground state.

This means that an electron in a metastable state can stay in that state for a relatively long time before transitioning back to a lower energy level. 

Explanation

Explanation

Surface tension is the force per unit length along a liquid surface.

SI unit: Newton per meter (N/m or Nm⁻¹).

Explanation

Plaster of Paris is made by heating gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O) to ~150°C.

The reaction removes water of crystallization, forming CaSO₄·½H₂O.

Explanation

Kinetic energy represents the energy of motion of the fluid.

Work done by or on the fluid is often associated with its velocity and movement.