Explanation

• The splitting of light into its constituent colors is called dispersion.
• White light splits into seven colors (VIBGYOR).
• It occurs when light passes through a prism.
• Different colors bend at different angles.
• This creates a spectrum of colors.

Last verified on 08-06-2026

Explanation

• Chemical energy is the energy stored in the bonds between atoms and molecules.
• It is released or absorbed during chemical reactions.
• Found in substances like food, fuel, and batteries.
• It is a form of potential energy stored in chemical bonds.
• It changes into other forms like heat or light when reactions occur.

Last verified on 08-06-2026

Explanation

• The majority of nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine.
• Digested food nutrients are absorbed into the blood.
• The small intestine has villi and microvilli to increase absorption area.
• It is the main site for absorption of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.

Last verified on 08-06-2026

Explanation

• The ecosystem is the structural and functional unit of the environment.
• Ecosystem = Biotic + Abiotic components
• Biotic: plants, animals, microorganisms
• Abiotic: water, air, soil, sunlight

Last verified on 08-06-2026

Explanation

When white light passes through a prism, it splits into 7 colors, forming a spectrum known as a rainbow:

1. Red
2. Orange
3. Yellow
4. Green
5. Blue
6. Indigo
7. Violet

The separation of visible light into its different colours is known as dispersion.

Last verified on 08-06-2026

Explanation

• Sublimation is the direct transition of a solid into a gas without passing through the liquid phase.

Additional information:

Some common sublimating substances:

• Dry ice (CO₂) – solid → gas
• Iodine crystals – solid → violet gas
• Camphor – solid → vapor
• Naphthalene (mothballs) – solid → gas
• Ammonium chloride – solid → gas

Last verified on 13-03-2026

Explanation

• Pressure in gases is due to the collision of gas molecules with the walls of the container.
• Gas molecules are in constant random motion.
• They continuously strike the container walls.
• These collisions create force per unit area (pressure).
• More collisions mean higher pressure.

Last verified on 08-06-2026

Explanation

• The hardest substance in the world is diamond.
• Its hardness is due to the strong covalent bonding between its carbon atoms.
• This making it the most resistant to scratching.

Additional information:

• Category: Native minerals
• Cleavage: 111 (perfect in four directions)
• Crystal class: Hexoctahedral (m3m); H-M symbol: (4/m 3 2/m)
• Crystal habit: Octahedral
• Crystal system: Cubic
• Dana classification: 1.3.6.1
• Density: 3.5–3.53 g/cm3 3500–3530 kg/m3

Last verified on 07-06-2026

Explanation

• First Law of Thermodynamics explains the conservation of energy.
• Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
• It applies to all physical and chemical processes.
• Total energy of a closed system remains constant.
• Heat and work are forms of energy transfer.

Last verified on 08-06-2026

Explanation

• Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen.
• Green plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.
• This process occurs in chloroplasts using chlorophyll.
• Glucose is used as food for energy and growth.
• Oxygen is released as a byproduct into the atmosphere.

Last verified on 10-03-2026