Explanation

In series combination of capacitors:

1/C = 1/C1 + 1/C2

1/C = 1/2 + 1/3

1/C = (3 + 2) / 6 = 5/6

So, C = 6/5 = 1.2 μF

Last verified on 22-05-2026

Explanation

Substitute values:

1/R = 1/3 + 1/6

1/R = (2 + 1) / 6 = 3/6 = 1/2

So, R = 2 Ω

Last verified on 22-05-2026

Explanation

• Coulomb's Law states that the magnitude of the electrostatic force (F) between two point charges (q1 and q2) is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance (r) between them.
• Mathematically, this is expressed as: F ∝ (q1 × q2) / r².
• This law describes the relationship between electric charges and the force they exert on each other.

Last verified on 22-05-2026

Explanation

• In an isobaric process, pressure remains constant throughout the process.
• When heat is supplied to an ideal gas, its temperature rises.
• According to gas laws, increase in temperature at constant pressure increases volume.
• This relationship is explained by Charles’s Law.

Last verified on 22-05-2026

Explanation

• LASER stands for “Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.”
• Laser light is highly directional and travels in a narrow beam.
• Fiber optic communication requires focused and efficient light transmission.
• Due to high directionality, signal loss becomes very low.
• Lasers are widely used in communication and medical technology.

Last verified on 22-05-2026

Explanation

• Atoms of the same element always have the same atomic number.
• When they differ in the number of neutrons, they are called isotopes.
• Isotopes have similar chemical properties but different masses.
• The concept of isotopes was developed in the early 20th century.

Last verified on 22-05-2026

Explanation

• Radiation is energy emitted in the form of waves or particles.
• Different types include alpha, beta, and gamma radiation.
• Gamma rays have the highest penetration power.
• They are less ionizing compared to alpha particles but more penetrating.
• Gamma radiation can pass through the human body easily.

Last verified on 22-05-2026

Explanation

• Atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
• Protons and neutrons are heavy particles located in the nucleus.
• Electrons are very light compared to protons.
• Electron mass is almost negligible in atomic calculations.
• That is why electron is considered the lightest fundamental particle in this context.

Last verified on 22-05-2026

Explanation

• Electricity can be generated from different energy sources.
• Fossil fuels like coal produce electricity through combustion (burning).
• Burning coal releases heat energy that drives turbines.
• Coal is a non-renewable and conventional energy source.

Last verified on 22-05-2026

Explanation

• A trophic cascade is an ecological process where changes at the top of the food chain affect multiple lower levels.
• In this case, the wolf (top predator) reduces herbivore population.
• With fewer herbivores, plants and vegetation recover and grow.
• It shows how predators control ecosystem balance.
• It is an example of top-down regulation in ecology.

Last verified on 21-05-2026