Explanation

• The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes 12 pairs of cranial nerves that originate from the brain.
• These nerves primarily control functions of the head, neck, and some internal organs like the heart and lungs.

Last verified on 28-10-2026

Explanation

Explanation

• Observation is the first step in the scientific method, which is used to solve biological problems.
• Scientists make observations about the natural world, notice patterns or phenomena, and ask questions about what they have observed.

The correct order of the scientific method is:

• Observation
• Question
• Hypothesis
• Prediction
• Experimentation
• Data analysis
• Conclusion

Last verified on 28-10-2026

Explanation

• Epimysium is the connective tissue membrane that surrounds the entire skeletal muscle.
• Perimysium surrounds a bundle of muscle fibres called a fascicle.
• Endomysium surrounds each individual muscle fibre.
• These three connective tissue layers support muscle structure.
• It help transmit the force generated during muscle contraction.

Last verified on 28-10-2026

Explanation

• Plants exchange gases for both photosynthesis and respiration.
• During photosynthesis, plants absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) and release oxygen (O2) in the presence of light.
• During respiration, plants use oxygen to break down glucose and release energy; carbon dioxide is produced.
• Gas exchange mainly occurs through stomata in leaves, and respiration takes place both day and night.

Last verified on 28-10-2026

Explanation

• The word Botany is derived from the Greek word botanē, meaning grass, herbage, or plants.
• Botany is the branch of biology that deals with the scientific study of plants.
• It includes the study of plant structure, growth, reproduction, classification, and diseases.

Last verified on 28-10-2026

Explanation

• Amylase breaks down starch, including amylose, into smaller carbohydrates such as maltose.
• Salivary amylase begins starch digestion in the mouth, while pancreatic amylase continues it in the small intestine.
• Maltase converts maltose into two glucose molecules.

Last verified on 28-10-2026

Explanation

• The total surface area of the respiratory surface in humans is about 20 times the size of the body.
• The human respiratory surface is formed by millions of tiny air sacs called alveoli in the lungs.
• Alveoli provide a large surface area for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and blood.

Last verified on 28-10-2026

Explanation

• Bronchitis is the inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from the lungs.
• It commonly causes coughing, mucus production, chest discomfort, and sometimes shortness of breath.
• Bronchitis may be acute, often caused by viruses, or chronic, commonly associated with long-term exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke.

Last verified on 28-10-2026

Explanation

• The kidneys are the main organs responsible for removing uric acid from the blood through urine.
• Approximately two-thirds (about 70%) of uric acid is excreted by the kidneys, while much of the remainder is eliminated through the intestines.
• Uric acid is produced during the breakdown of purines, which are found in body cells and certain foods.

Last verified on 28-10-2026