Explanation

• Scaffolding provides temporary guidance and support.
• The teacher gradually reduces assistance as learners become more capable.
• It promotes independent learning and problem-solving.
• It is associated with Lev Vygotsky's theory of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD).

Last verified on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• One male gamete fuses with the egg to form a diploid zygote.
• The second male gamete fuses with the polar nuclei to form the endosperm nucleus.
• This process is characteristic of flowering plants.

Last verified on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• Gymnosperms are seed-producing plants.
• They are usually woody and evergreen.
• They do not produce flowers or fruits.
• Their seeds are exposed (not enclosed).
• They are among the oldest seed plants.

Last verified on 20-05-2026

Explanation

• The prothallus is the small, usually heart-shaped gametophyte of a fern.
• It bears male and female reproductive structures.
• Fertilization requires water for sperm movement.

Last verified on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• RNA polymerase uses DNA as a template to synthesize RNA.
• Transcription is the first major step in gene expression.
• The resulting RNA may later participate in protein synthesis.

Last verified on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes.
• They digest damaged organelles and cellular waste.
• They are commonly described as the digestive compartments of the cell.

Last verified on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• Parathyroid hormone (PTH) helps increase blood calcium levels.
• It stimulates calcium reabsorption in the kidneys and indirectly increases intestinal absorption through active vitamin D.
• It also promotes calcium release from bones.

Last verified on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• Sori are clusters of sporangia usually found on the underside of fern leaves.
• Sporangia produce spores through meiosis.
• Ferns reproduce through spores rather than seeds.

Last verified on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• Archegonium is the female reproductive structure.
• It produces the egg cell.

Additional information:

• Antheridium is the male reproductive structure that produces sperm cells.

Last verified on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• The gametophyte is the dominant generation in bryophytes.
• The sporophyte remains attached to and nutritionally dependent on the gametophyte.
• Mosses and liverworts are common examples of bryophytes.

Last verified on 06-11-2026