Explanation

• A device driver is system software that enables the operating system to communicate with a specific hardware device.
• Examples include drivers for printers, keyboards, graphics cards, and network adapters.
• Without the correct driver, the operating system may not be able to use the hardware properly.
• Drivers act as a bridge between hardware and the operating system.

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• Cloud computing allows users to access files and services from anywhere with an Internet connection.
• Data is stored on remote servers (the cloud) rather than only on a personal computer.
• It provides services such as online storage, software, and computing resources.
• Popular cloud services include Google Drive, OneDrive, Dropbox, and iCloud.
• Cloud computing improves accessibility, scalability, and data backup.

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• In the ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit), arithmetic and logical operations required during instruction execution are performed.
• ALU performs arithmetic operations such as addition and subtraction.
• It also performs logical and comparison operations.

Additional information:

• The Control Unit (CU) directs and coordinates the execution of instructions.
• Main Memory stores programs and data currently being used.
• The CPU consists mainly of the ALU, Control Unit, and registers.

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• Application software is designed to help users perform specific tasks.
• Examples include MS Word, MS Excel, PowerPoint, web browsers, and media players.

Additional information:

• Operating systems manage computer hardware and provide a platform for applications.
• System software controls and manages the computer system.

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• Topology in networking refers to the physical or logical arrangement of connected devices and their communication links in a network.
• Network topology describes how computers, devices, and network connections are arranged.
• Common topologies include Star, Bus, Ring, Mesh, and Tree.

Additional information:

• Star topology: Devices connect to a central hub or switch.
• Ring topology: Devices are connected in a circular arrangement.
• Mesh topology: Devices have multiple connections, providing high reliability.

Last verified on 10-08-2026