Explanation

• The loss of electrons and protons (H+ ions) is called oxidation.

Additional information:

• Reduction is the gain of electrons.
• Both processes occur together in redox reactions.

Explanation

• The movement of water from higher water potential to lower water potential is called osmosis.
• It occurs through a semi-permeable membrane.
• Only water molecules move in osmosis.
• It is a passive process (no energy required).

Last verified on 18-06-2026

Explanation

• Macronutrients are the nutrients that are needed in the highest concentration by living organisms.
• They include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, which provide energy and support growth and maintenance of tissues.

Last verified on 08-11-2026

Explanation

• Guard cells are specialized cells that surround each stoma and regulate its opening and closing.
• When guard cells absorb water and become turgid, the stomata open.
• When guard cells lose water and become flaccid, the stomata close.
• This process regulates gas exchange and water loss through transpiration.

Last verified on 08-11-2026

Explanation

• Vitamin K is essential for the production of blood-clotting proteins.
• Its deficiency reduces the blood's ability to clot, causing prolonged bleeding.
• It may lead to easy bruising, nosebleeds and excessive bleeding from wounds.
• Vitamin K is found in green leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale and broccoli.

Last verified on 02-11-2026