Explanation

• Discoverer: Alexander Fleming
• Year of discovery: 1928
• Place: St. Mary's Hospital, London
• First patient treated with penicillin: Albert Alexander
• Date of first treatment: 12 February 1941

Last verified on 14-09-2026

Explanation

• Scientist Name: Ibn al-Nafis
• Date / Year: 1242 CE
• Major Work: Commentary on Anatomy in Avicenna's Canon
• He was a pioneering Arab physician
• Major contribution: Pulmonary circulation
• Blood pressure: Modern measurement/concept developed centuries later.

Explanation

• A Barometer is an instrument used to measure air (atmospheric) pressure.
• It helps in weather forecasting by measuring changes in atmospheric pressure.
• The mercury barometer is the oldest type of barometer.
• It was invented by Evangelista Torricelli in 1643.
• Barometers are widely used in meteorology and aviation.

Last verified on 09-07-2026

Explanation

• Ada Lovelace — first computer programmer
• 1843: Published the first machine algorithm in her notes on Babbage's Analytical Engine

Additional information:

• English mathematician and writer
• Full name: Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace
• Daughter of poet Lord Byron
• She lived from 1815 to 1852.

Last updated NA on 10-09-2026

Explanation

• Second-generation computers used transistors instead of vacuum tubes.
•  Shockley and Walter H. Brattain are known as the fathers of the second generation of computers. 
• Main period: 1956–1963.