Explanation

• In the Contact process, vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) is used as a catalyst for converting SO₂ into SO₃.
• It increases the reaction rate without being consumed.
• It is preferred due to its efficiency and lower cost compared to platinum.

Last verified on 26-06-2026

Explanation

• Silver ions gain one electron to form silver metal. Ag⁺ + e⁻ → Ag.
• Depositing 1 mole of Ag requires 1 mole of electrons.
• One mole of electrons carries approximately 96,485 Coulombs, known as 1 Faraday.

Last verified on 14-11-2026

Explanation

• Thermodynamics studies the relationship between heat, temperature, energy, and work.

Additional information:

• First law: Energy cannot be created or destroyed (Law of energy conservation)
• Second law: Heat flows from hot to cold spontaneously
• Third law: Absolute zero cannot be reached
• Zeroth law: Establishes temperature measurement
• Applications: Engines, refrigerators, heat pumps, and power plants

Last verified on 13-03-2026

Explanation

• Battery is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy.
• Batteries work by using a galvanic cell.
• It is an electrochemical device made up of two electrodes and an electrolyte solution.

Last verified on 16-03-2026

Explanation

Definition: Possess both magnitude and direction.

Representation: Represented by arrows, where the length indicates magnitude and the arrowhead indicates direction.

Examples: 

• Displacement
• Velocity
• Acceleration
• Force
• Momentum

Additional information 

Difference from Scalars: Unlike scalars, which only have magnitude (e.g., speed), vectors require both to be fully defined

Last updated on 09-03-2026