Explanation

There are five pillars of Islam:

1. First Pillar: Shahadatain (شہادتیں) – declaration of faith: “There is no god but Allah, Muhammad ﷺ is His Messenger”
2. Second Pillar: Namaz (نماز) – five daily prayers
3. Third Pillar: Zakat (زکوٰۃ) – obligatory charity, 2.5% of wealth above Nisab
4. Fourth Pillar: Fasting (Sawm / روزہ) – during Ramadan, abstaining from food, drink, and bad deeds
5. Fifth Pillar: Hajj (حج) – pilgrimage to Makkah at least once in a lifetime if able

Last updated 07 Nov 2026 by NA

Explanation

• Current/Survey of Pakistan 2021 figure: 2,611 km
• Older figure: 2,430 km
• Name of border: Durand Line
• Year of agreement: 1893
• British representative: Sir Mortimer Durand
• Afghan ruler: Amir Abdur Rahman Khan

Last updated 07 Nov 2026 by NA

Explanation

• Location: Nepal–China (Tibet) border in the Himalayas
• Highest peak in the world: Mount Everest
• Height: 8,848.86 m (29,032 ft)
• Named after: Sir George Everest in 1856
• First successful expedition: 1953

Additional information:

• First climbers: Tenzing Norgay (Sherpa) & Sir Edmund Hillary – 1953
• First person to climb Everest twice: Nawang Gombu
• First Pakistani woman to summit Everest: Samina Baig – 2013
• Youngest Pakistani to summit Everest: Sheroze Kashif
• First blind Asian (3rd in world) to climb Everest: Zhang Hong
• Fastest woman to summit Everest: Tsang Yin-hung (Hong Kong) – 2021

Last updated 06 Nov 2026 by NA

Explanation

• Inventor: Tim Berners-Lee
• Collaborator: Robert Cailliau
• Year of invention: 1989 August
• Organization: CERN (European physics lab, Switzerland)
• First website: 1991 (public release)
• WWWW stands for World-Wide Web Worm.

Last updated 06 Nov 2026 by NA

Explanation

• The product of mass and velocity is known as momentum. P = MV
• If m is an object's mass and v is its velocity (also a vector quantity), then the object's momentum p is: p=mv
• It is a vector quantity.
• It having both magnitude and direction.
• Common symbols: p, p
• SI unit: kg⋅m⋅s−1
• Dimension MLT^−1

Last updated on 09-03-2026

Explanation

• Iskander Mirza became the first President of Pakistan on 23 March 1956.
• He was the last Governor-General of Pakistan before becoming President.
• He was associated with the Republican Party.
• He abrogated the 1956 Constitution and imposed martial law (1958).
• He also served earlier as Governor of Bengal (India) and Governor-General of Pakistan.
• Born: 13 November 1899, Murshidabad, India
• Died: 13 November 1969, London, UK (buried in Iran)
• He was the great-grandson of Mir Jafar.

Additional information:

• First President of Constituent Assembly of Pakistan: Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah
• First elected President of Pakistan: Field Marshal Ayub Khan

Explanation

• Alexander Graham Bell is credited as the inventor of the telephone.
• He was awarded the first successful patent for it.
• The telephone was invented in 1876.
• Bell made the first-ever telephone call to his assistant Thomas Watson.

Last updated by NA on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• Currency: Renminbi (Yuan/CNY)
• Symbol: ¥ / 元
• Capital: Beijing
• Official Language: Mandarin
• Continent: Asia
• Parliament: National People’s Congress (NPC)
• National Sport: Table Tennis
• Religion: No official religion

Explanation

• Companions: Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A.)
• Location: Cave of Thawr, near Makkah, Saudi Arabia
• Purpose: They took refuge there while escaping the Quraysh during the Hijrah.
• Stay: They remained in the cave for three days.
• Miracle: A spider's web at the entrance helped conceal the cave.

Additional information

Ghar-e-Saur:

• Other Name: Ghar-e-Thawr (Cave of Thawr)
• Mountain: Jabal Thawr (Mount Thawr)

Last updated by NA on 05-11-2026

Explanation

• - Software: A set of instructions that tells a computer how to perform specific tasks.
• - Examples: MS Word, Windows, Google Chrome.

Additional information:

• - Monitor: An output device that displays information.
• - Hardware: Physical parts of a computer.
• - Printer: An output device that prints information on paper.

Last updated by NA on 05-11-2026