Explanation

• Designer: Amir Uddin Kidwai Adoption Date: 11 August 1947 (officially adopted) Additional information: Green field – represents Muslims of Pakistan White stripe – represents minorities and religious minorities’ rights Crescent and star – symbol of progress and light Proportion of flag: 2:3 (height:width)

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

• Ajay Banga was nominated by US President Joe Biden.
• Ajay Banga assumed office in June 2023.
• Previously, David Malpass was serving President of the World Bank.

Last verified on 22-10-2026

Explanation

Explanation

There are five pillars of Islam:

1. First Pillar: Shahadatain (شہادتیں) –  Faith declaration
2. Second Pillar: Namaz (نماز) – five daily prayers
3. Third Pillar: Zakat (زکوٰۃ) – Obligatory charity (2.5% of wealth above Nisab)
4. Fourth Pillar: Fasting (Sawm / روزہ) – Ramadan fasting
5. Fifth Pillar: Hajj (حج) – Pilgrimage to Makkah once in a lifetime, if able

Last updated by NS on 5-09-2026

Explanation

• Gymnosperms are plants whose seeds are not enclosed inside an ovary or fruit.
• The word gymnosperm means “naked seed.”
• Examples include pine, cycas, and fir.
• Their seeds are often borne on the scales of cones.

Last verified on 16-10-2026

Explanation

• Surah Al-Baqarah is the longest chapter (surah) in the Holy Quran
• Chapter Number: 2nd chapter in the Quran.
• Meaning: "The Cow" or "The Heifer".
• Verse Count: 286 verses (ayat).
• Length: Spans about 2.5 parts (juz') of the Quran
• .Place of Revelation: Madinah. 
• It derives its name from the story of the cow (vv. 67-73).
• Verse 282, the longest verse, is known as 'āyatu d-dayn.
• It consists of 25,500 letters.
• The chapter has 40 Rukus.

Additional information:

• Surah Al-Kausar is the shortest surah of the Holy Quran.
• Surah Aal-e-Imran is the second-longest surah of the Holy Quran.

Last updated NA on 10-09-2026

Explanation

• Mitochondria are called the powerhouse of the cell.
• Because they produce Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP).
• ATP is the energy currency of the cell.
• ATP provides energy for different cellular activities such as movement, growth, and transport.
• Energy is produced through aerobic cellular respiration using oxygen and الغذائی molecules.
• They are found in the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells.
• Richard Altmann first described mitochondria in 1890.

Main Parts of a Cell:

1. Cell membrane → Outer protective layer
2. Nucleus → Controls cell activities
3. Cytoplasm → Jelly-like material between membrane and nucleus

Last verified on 09-05-2026

Explanation

• Headquarters: Tehran, Iran.
• Established: 1985.
• Founding countries: Türkiye, Iran, and Pakistan.
• Official language: English.
• Purpose: To promote economic, technical, and cultural cooperation among member states.

ECO Member States (10):

1. Türkiye
2. Iran
3. Pakistan
4. Afghanistan
5. Azerbaijan
6. Kazakhstan
7. Kyrgyz Republic
8. Uzbekistan
9. Tajikistan
10. Turkmenistan

Last verified on 14-10-2026

Explanation

• Location: Khewra, Jhelum, Punjab, Pakistan
• Other Name: Mayo Salt Mine
• Status: Pakistan’s largest and oldest salt mine
• World Ranking: Second-largest salt mine
• Discovery: Traditionally attributed to Alexander the Great’s army (326 BC)
• Modern Mining: Developed during British rule; systematic mining began in 1872

Explanation

• Karachi is the most populated city in Pakistan.
• It is the capital of Sindh Province.
• Karachi is Pakistan's major commercial, financial, and industrial center.
• It is located on the Arabian Sea.

Additional information:

Top 5 Populated Cities in Pakistan

1. Karachi
2. Lahore
3. Faisalabad
4. Rawalpindi
5. Multan

Last verified on 03-10-2026