Explanation

• Diligence means careful and persistent effort.
• Diligence means محتاط اور مسلسل کوشش
• Hard work means محنت

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• The “Pivot Table” tool primarily allows users to summarize and analyze data.
• It can group, sort, filter, and calculate data.
• Common calculations include Sum, Count, Average, Maximum, and Minimum.
• Pivot Tables help identify patterns, comparisons, and trends in data.

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• Cloud computing allows users to access files and services from anywhere with an Internet connection.
• Data is stored on remote servers (the cloud) rather than only on a personal computer.
• It provides services such as online storage, software, and computing resources.
• Popular cloud services include Google Drive, OneDrive, Dropbox, and iCloud.
• Cloud computing improves accessibility, scalability, and data backup.

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• Facebook and Instagram are social networking platforms.
• They are used to connect and communicate with people.
• Users can share posts, photos, videos, messages, and other content.
• Both platforms are owned by Meta Platforms.

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• In the ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit), arithmetic and logical operations required during instruction execution are performed.
• ALU performs arithmetic operations such as addition and subtraction.
• It also performs logical and comparison operations.

Additional information:

• The Control Unit (CU) directs and coordinates the execution of instructions.
• Main Memory stores programs and data currently being used.
• The CPU consists mainly of the ALU, Control Unit, and registers.

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• A collection of system programs that controls and coordinates the overall operations of a computer system is called an Operating System.
• An Operating System (OS) manages the computer’s hardware and software resources.
• It controls CPU, memory, files, input/output devices, and running programs.
• It provides an interface between the user and computer hardware.
• Examples include Windows, Linux, macOS, Android, and iOS.

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• Application software is designed to help users perform specific tasks.
• Examples include MS Word, MS Excel, PowerPoint, web browsers, and media players.

Additional information:

• Operating systems manage computer hardware and provide a platform for applications.
• System software controls and manages the computer system.

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• Topology in networking refers to the physical or logical arrangement of connected devices and their communication links in a network.
• Network topology describes how computers, devices, and network connections are arranged.
• Common topologies include Star, Bus, Ring, Mesh, and Tree.

Additional information:

• Star topology: Devices connect to a central hub or switch.
• Ring topology: Devices are connected in a circular arrangement.
• Mesh topology: Devices have multiple connections, providing high reliability.

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• The language that the computer can understand and execute directly is called Machine Language.
• Machine language consists of instructions in binary digits (0s and 1s).
• It is the lowest-level programming language.
• It is directly understood by the CPU.
• Assembly language uses mnemonics and must be translated by an assembler.

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• Assembly language is a low-level language that is closely related to the computer's machine language.
• It uses mnemonics such as MOV, ADD, and SUB instead of binary instructions.
• An assembler converts assembly language into machine code.

Additional information:

• BASIC, COBOL, and FORTRAN are generally classified as high-level languages.
• C and C++ are generally classified as high-level languages, although they provide low-level programming capabilities.

Last verified on 10-08-2026