Explanation

• DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) contains the sugar deoxyribose, which is a five-carbon sugar.
• It forms the backbone of the DNA molecule along with phosphate groups.

Additional information:

• Sugars in nucleic acids:
• DNA – Deoxyribose
• RNA – Ribose
• Glucose – energy source in cells
• Fructose – sugar in fruits
• Galactose – sugar in milk

Last verified on 19-01-2026

Explanation

• Butterflies, moths, and honeybees help in transferring pollen from one flower to another, aiding in plant reproduction.
• They are essential for pollination of crops and wild plants.

Additional information:

• Pollination increases fruit and seed production.
• Honeybees are also important for honey production.

Last verified on 19-01-2026

Explanation

• Carbon has a valency of 4, meaning it can form 4 covalent bonds with other atoms.
• This property allows carbon to form complex organic compounds.
• It is the backbone of all organic molecules.

Additional information:

Examples of Carbon Compounds (5):

1. Methane (CH₄)
2. Ethane (C₂H₆)
3. Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)
4. Ethanol (C₂H₅OH)
5. Carbon dioxide (CO₂)

Last verified on 19-01-2026

Explanation

• A virion is the fully developed, infectious form of a virus capable of infecting a host.
• It contains genetic material (DNA or RNA) and a protein coat (capsid), sometimes with an envelope.
  

Additional information:

• Capsomere: Protein subunit of the capsid.
• Envelope: Lipid layer around some viruses.
• Prion: Infectious protein.

Last verified on 19-01-2026

Explanation

• Ascorbic Acid is commonly known as Vitamin C.
• It is essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues.
• Prevents scurvy, a disease caused by Vitamin C deficiency.

Additional information:

Sources of Vitamin C (5):

1. Orange
2. Lemon
3. Guava
4. Strawberry
5. Bell pepper

Functions:

• Antioxidant
• Collagen synthesis
• Strengthens immunity

Last verified on 19-01-2026

Explanation

Red-green color blindness is the most common type of color vision deficiency.

It affects the ability to distinguish between red and green colors.

It is sex-linked, occurring mostly in males due to inheritance on the X chromosome.

There are two main types: protanopia (red deficiency) and deuteranopia (green deficiency).

Explanation

An epidemic is a disease that spreads rapidly across a large number of people in a region or community.

Examples include influenza outbreaks or cholera outbreaks.

Endemic refers to a disease that is constantly present in a particular area.

Explanation

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is secreted by the stomach lining.

It activates pepsinogen into pepsin, an enzyme that digests proteins.

HCl also kills harmful bacteria in food and creates an acidic environment.

Proper protein digestion is essential for amino acid absorption in the small intestine.

Explanation

Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting.

It helps produce clotting factors in the liver.

Deficiency can cause excessive bleeding or hemorrhage.

It is found in green leafy vegetables, vegetable oils, and some fruits.

Vitamin K is especially important for newborns and people with liver disorders.

Explanation

Vitamin A supports skeletal growth in children.

It is essential for vision, especially in low light (prevents night blindness).

Maintains healthy epithelial tissues like skin, lungs, and mucous membranes.

It also supports immune function and overall cell growth.

Deficiency can lead to growth retardation, vision problems, and skin issues.