Explanation

• Hamas was founded by Sheikh Ahmed Yassin.
• Founded in December 19 
• Hamas stands for Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya
• Headquarters: Gaza City, Gaza Strip
• Sheikh Yasin was the spiritual leader of Hamas until his assassination in 2004.

Last updated 07-09-2026 by NA

Explanation

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

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History of the Soviet Union

Background

1917–1927: Establishment (founded)

1927–1953: Stalinism

1953–1964: Khrushchev Thaw

1964–1982: Era of Stagnation

1982–1991: Decline and collapse (dissolved)

A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national republics

It was the largest country in the world, covering over 22,402,200 square kilometers (8,649,500 sq mi)

spanning eleven time zones.

Capital and largest city: Moscow

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Leader  

• 1922–1924: Vladimir Lenin

• 1924–1953: Joseph Stalin

• 1953: Georgy Malenkov

• 1953–1964 : Nikita Khrushchev

• 1964–1982: Leonid Brezhnev

• 1982–1984: Yuri Andropov

• 1984–1985: Konstantin Chernenko

• 1985–1991: Mikhail Gorbachev

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Head of state  

• 1922–1946 (first): Mikhail Kalinin

• 1988–1991 (last): Mikhail Gorbachev

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Head of government  

• 1922–1924 (first): Vladimir Lenin

• 1991 (last): Ivan Silayev

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Currency: Soviet ruble (Rbl) (SUR)

ND7-5-2023

Explanation

Beijing is the capital of the People's Republic of China.

It was formerly known in English as Peking or Peking.

The third Ming emperor gave it the new name of Beijing during the 15th century.

Explanation

Marie Curie is best known for her work in radioactivity

She also discovered the elements radium and polonium.

Her pioneering research in radioactivity earned her two Nobel Prizes, one in Physics (1903) and one in Chemistry (1911).

Explanation

Shah Wali Ullah (1703-1762) persuaded Ahmad Shah Abdali,

He was the founder of the Durrani Empire, to invade India and fight against the Marathas,The 

Marathas were a powerful Hindu empire at that time.

In 1761, Ahmad Shah Abdali, with the support of Shah Wali Ullah, defeated the Marathas in the Third Battle of Panipat.

Explanation

India revoked Article 370 of its constitution on 5 August 2019. 

Article 370 grants special status to Kashmir.

Explanation

• Origin: Began in 776 BC in Olympia, Greece.
• Purpose: Religious festival honoring the Greek god Zeus.
• Frequency: Celebrated every four years, known as an Olympiad
• .Events: Expanded from one footrace to multi-day sports.
• Demise: Banned around 393 CE by Emperor Theodosius I.

Last updated 27-07-2026 by NA

Explanation

Since the Partition of British India in 1947, the two countries have been involved in a number of wars, conflicts, and military standoffs

The Jammu and Kashmir regions have been disputed since partition, with Pakistan and India both claiming ownership

India–Pakistan relations

Pakistan	India
Diplomatic mission
High Commission of Pakistan, New Delhi	High Commission of India, Islamabad

ND27122022

Explanation

The Faisal Mosque is the largest in Pakistan,

located in the national capital city of Islamabad.

Completed in 1986,

Turkish architect Vedat Dalokay designed it

Faisal Mosque of Pakistan was opened to the public in 1986 OR 1987

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On 18th June 1988 the first prayer  was held in the Faisal mosque

Explanation

The first CZ-5 launched from Wenchang Space Launch Site on 3 November 2016 and placed its payload in a suboptimal but workable initial orbit.