Explanation

• Nutrients required by plants are classified into primary, secondary, and micronutrients.
• Primary nutrients: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K).

Additional information:

• Secondary nutrients: Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Sulfur (S).
• Calcium strengthens cell walls and helps in growth of root and shoot tips.

Last verified on 23-01-2026

Explanation

• Photosynthesis is an endogenic process in plants, meaning it produces energy-rich compounds.
• Requires light, water, and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen.

Additional information:

• Formula: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
• Occurs in chloroplasts, primarily using chlorophyll pigments.

Last verified on 23-01-2026

Explanation

• Flax fibers are obtained from the stem of the flax plant.
• The process of separating flax fiber from the woody stem is called scutching.

Additional information:

• Scutching is done after retting to remove woody matter.
• Flax fiber is used for making linen, ropes, and textiles.

Last verified on 23-01-2026

Explanation

• Herbicides are chemicals used to control unwanted plants (weeds).
• Some herbicides inhibit photosynthesis, preventing plants from producing energy.
• Paraquat is a widely used photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicide.

Last verified on 23-01-2026

Explanation

• Leaf area reduction occurs when parasites attack a plant, causing loss of tissue or shrinkage.
• This reduction in size or function of the leaf is called atrophy.

Additional information:

• Atrophy reduces photosynthetic efficiency of plants.
• Common causes: parasitic plants, insects, or nutrient deficiencies.

Last verified on 23-01-2026

Explanation

• Potato blight is a devastating plant disease caused by Phytophthora infestans.
• It led to the Great Irish Famine (1845–1852), causing mass starvation in Ireland.
• The disease affects potato leaves and tubers, causing rotting.

Last verified on 23-01-2026

Explanation

• Organic farming requires that soil be free from synthetic chemicals.
• Certification of soil as organic ensures it meets these standards.
• Typically, organic matter certification requires 3 years of organic management.

Last verified on 23-01-2026

Explanation

• Royal jelly is a special secretion used to feed queen bees in a colony.
• It is produced by worker bees from glands in their heads.
• It is rich in proteins, vitamins, and minerals.
• It supporting the growth and reproduction of the queen.

Last verified on 23-01-2026

Explanation

• Soybean is a leguminous crop that still requires nutrients from the soil for optimal growth.
• The nutrient requirement for producing 1 ton of soybean is approximately NPK 100 kg.
• N = Nitrogen, P = Phosphorus, K = Potassium.

Last verified on 23-01-2026

Explanation

• The main American issue with Ukraine concerns security and geopolitical alignment.
• The United States strongly supports Ukraine joining NATO as a defense against Russian aggression.

Additional information:

• NATO membership provides military support and collective defense for Ukraine.
• The issue is a central factor in US-Russia geopolitical tensions.

Last verified on 23-01-2026