Explanation

• In MS Excel, every formula and function starts with the equal sign (=).
• The = tells Excel that the cell contains a formula, not plain text.
• Functions such as SUM, AVERAGE, and IF also begin with =.
• Without the =, Excel treats the entry as ordinary text.

Last verified on 10-02-2026

Explanation

• To edit or rename a file or folder, simply hit F2 when your file is selected.

Additional information:

Key Function Keys (F1–F12)

1. F1 – Opens Help
2. F2 – Rename selected file/folder (Windows) / Edit active cell (Excel)
3. F3 – Opens Search
4. F4 – Alt + F4 closes the active window
5. F5 – Refreshes browser / Starts Slide Show in PowerPoint
6. F6 – Moves to the next pane in Microsoft Word
7. F7 – Spelling & Grammar Check
8. F8 – Enables Extend Mode in Excel
9. F9 – Updates/Refreshes fields in Microsoft Word
10. F10 – Activates the Menu Bar
11. F11 – Full-screen mode in browsers
12. F12 – Save As in Microsoft Word

Last verified on 09-07-2026

Explanation

• .pptx → Default PowerPoint Presentation (2007 and later)
• ppt → PowerPoint Presentation (97–2003)

Additional information:

• .ppsx → PowerPoint Show (opens directly as a slideshow)
• .potx → PowerPoint Template
• .pptm → Macro-enabled Presentation

Last verified on 11-07-2026

Explanation

• F5 is used to start a Slide Show from the beginning in Microsoft PowerPoint.
• It displays the presentation in full-screen Slide Show view.

Additional information:

• Shift + F5 starts the slide show from the current slide.
• F4 repeats the last action in many Microsoft Office applications.
• F6 moves between different areas of the PowerPoint window.

Last verified on 09-08-2026

Explanation

• DOCX is the newer version of DOC, the original official Microsoft Word file format. 
• Microsoft Word 97 - 2003 Document extension (.doc).
• Microsoft Word 2007 to till date Document extension (.docx).

Additional information:

• .xls extension of Excel.
• .ppt extension of PowerPoint.
• .txt extension of Text files.
• .pdf extension of Portable Document Format.

Last verified on 15-02-2026

Explanation

• The shortcut key for Undo (last action reverse) is Ctrl + Z in most computer systems.
• It is used to cancel the last mistake or action.

Additional information:

• Ctrl + P = Print
• Ctrl + Y = Redo
• Ctrl + S = Save
• Ctrl + C = Copy command
• Ctrl + V = Paste
• Ctrl + C = Copy
• Ctrl + X = Cut
• Ctrl + Y = Redo

Last verified on 10-06-2026

Explanation

• Capital: Islamabad
• Construction began: 1960
• Officially became the capital: 14 August 1967
• President at the time: Ayub Khan
• Previous capital: Karachi

Currency is the Pakistani Rupee.

Official language is Urdu; English.

Located in Continent Asia.

Primary Religion is Islam.

Head of Govt. is Prime Minister –Shehbaz Sharif.

Pakistan Parliament is called the National Assembly & Senate.

Tricks for Remember

RUPEE

Mind Tricks : PICS of MN

***PICS***

P - Pakistan

I - India

C - Ceylon

S - Srilanka

**MN**

M - Maritius

N - Nepal

Explanation

• K-2 (Godwin Austin) has a total height of 8,611 meters (28,251 feet).
• It is the second-highest mountain in the world after Mount Everest.
• K2 is part of the Karakoram Range.
• It is located on the Pakistan–China border in the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan.
• The letter "K" stands for Karakoram.

Last verified on 12-03-2026

Explanation

• Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, followed by Venus.
• Called an inner planet because it orbits inside Earth’s orbit.
• Number of moons: 0 (Mercury has no natural satellites).
• Size: Smallest planet in the solar system.
• Nickname: Swift Planet, due to its fast orbit around the Sun (≈88 days per orbit).

Last verified on 17-03-2026

Explanation

• Iskander Mirza became the first President of Pakistan on 23 March 1956.
• He was the last Governor-General of Pakistan before becoming President.
• He was associated with the Republican Party.
• He abrogated the 1956 Constitution and imposed martial law (1958).
• He also served earlier as Governor of Bengal (India) and Governor-General of Pakistan.
• Born: 13 November 1899, Murshidabad, India
• Died: 13 November 1969, London, UK (buried in Iran)
• He was the great-grandson of Mir Jafar.

Additional information:

• First President of Constituent Assembly of Pakistan: Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah
• First elected President of Pakistan: Field Marshal Ayub Khan

Last verified on 01-04-2026