Explanation

Polio can be effectively prevented through vaccines: Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) and Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV).

There is no cure or medication for polio, only prevention through immunization.

Explanation

The gizzard is a thick, muscular part of a bird’s stomach that grinds and crushes food.

Birds often swallow small stones to help the gizzard in grinding food efficiently.

Explanation

Gossypium hirsutum is the scientific name of upland cotton, the most widely cultivated cotton species.

The following table provides the botanical names for a variety of familiar plants: 

Explanation

Fungicides are chemicals used to control fungal infections in crops.

Herbicides target weeds.

Insecticides target insects.

Explanation

C-4 plants (e.g., maize, sugarcane) have a special pathway that minimizes photorespiration.

This makes them more efficient in photosynthesis under high light intensity, temperature, and low CO₂ conditions.

Explanation

AIDS is caused by HIV.

It spreads through infected needles, sexual contact, and unsafe practices.

It is not transmitted by casual contact like touching or sharing food.

Explanation

Aquatic arthropods like crabs, prawns, and some aquatic insects use gills to extract oxygen from water.

Gills provide a large surface area for gas exchange in an aquatic environment.

Explanation

Geotropism is the growth response of plants toward or away from gravity.

Roots show positive geotropism (grow downward) and shoots show negative geotropism (grow upward).

Explanation

Explanation

Mirpur Khas division in Sindh is world-famous for producing the Sindhri mango variety.

It is known as the “City of Mangoes” due to its high-quality mango production.