Explanation

• The first-ever IBM PC-compatible computer virus, named "Brain'
• It is also known as Pakistani Brain or Lahore
• Developed in January 1986
• By two brothers, Basit Farooq Alvi and Amjad Farooq Alvi,

Last updated by NA on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• Windows + D shows or hides the desktop.
• It minimizes all open windows to display the desktop.
• Pressing Windows + D again restores the previously open windows.

Additional information:

• Windows + E: Opens File Explorer.
• Windows + M: Minimizes all windows.

Last updated by NA on 05-11-2026

Explanation

• A dedicated computer is assigned one and only one specific task.
• It is designed to perform a particular function.
• Dedicated computers are commonly used in ATMs, traffic-control systems, and industrial machines.
• They are optimized for their specific purpose and may be part of an embedded system.

Last updated by NA on 05-11-2026

Explanation

• ARP stands for Address Resolution Protocol.
• It is used in computer networks to map IP addresses to MAC addresses.
• ARP works within a local area network (LAN).
• It was defined in 1982 by RFC 826, which is Internet Standard STD 37.

Last updated by NA on 05-11-2026

Explanation

• DMA stands for Direct Memory Access.
• It is a method that allows an I/O device to transfer data directly to or from main memory (RAM).
• The CPU does not need to handle every individual byte of the transfer.
• DMA can improve data-transfer speed and reduce CPU workload.
• It is commonly used for devices such as disk drives, network cards, and sound cards.

Last updated by NA on 05-11-2026

Explanation

• DOS stands for Disk Operating System.
• It is an early type of computer operating system used to manage files and programs.
• It works through text-based commands (command line).
• A famous example is MS-DOS used in early PCs. 
• Dennis Ritchie is the father of MS-DOS.
• It was developed in 1982.

Last updated by NA on 05-11-2026

Explanation

• Operating System: The main software that manages hardware and runs applications.
• It loads during the boot process.
• Without an OS, a computer cannot provide a usable working environment.

Last updated by NA on 04-11-2026

Explanation

1 Gigabyte (GB) =

• - 1,024 MB — Binary system (traditional computing).
• - 1,000 MB — Decimal system (storage manufacturers).

Additional information:

Computer storage size is measured in Kilobytes (KB), Megabytes (MB), Gigabytes (GB), and Terabytes (TB).

• 1 Kilobyte (KB) = 1024 bytes
• One Megabyte (MB) = 1024 Kilobytes (KB)
• One Gigabyte (GB) =  1024 Megabytes (MB)
• One Terabyte (TB)= 1024 Gigabytes (GB)

Last updated by NA on 04-11-2026

Explanation

• Type: Impact Printer
• Printing Method: Pins strike an ink ribbon
• Common Pin Configurations: 9-pin, 24-pin
• Output: Text and graphics
• Main Advantage: Can print multi-part forms

Last updated by NA on 04-11-2026

Explanation

• The physical part of a computer is called hardware.
• Hardware refers to all the tangible parts of a computer that contribute to its functionality.
• Some examples of hardware include:
• Motherboard, RAM, CPU, Mouse, Keyboard, CD, DVD, Hard disk, Monitor, and Case.

Additional information:

• In contrast, software is the intangible part of a computer that helps it perform its functions.
• Software is made up of programs, procedures, and routines that run the computer system.

Last verified on 04-09-2026