Explanation

• ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange
• Purpose: Character encoding standard
• Range: 0–127
• Represents: Letters, numbers & punctuation
• Work began: May 1961
• Definitive version: Published in 1968

Last updated by NA ON 16-09-2026

Explanation

• Junk mail is also called spam.
• The name comes from an old Monty Python comedy sketch.
• It is commonly used for ads, scams, or fake promotions.
  

Additional information:

• Spoof means pretending to be another sender (email spoofing).
• Email services use spam filters to block junk mail automatically.

Explanation

A document in Microsoft Word can be saved in three commonly taught ways.

1. File → Save → Saves the document.
2. Ctrl + S → Quick Save shortcut.
3. F12 → Opens the Save As dialog box.

Save → Updates the current file.

Save As → Saves with a new name, location, or format.

Explanation

• PowerPoint is used to create multimedia presentations.
• Combines text, images, audio, video, animations, and charts.
• Developed by Microsoft.
• File extension: .pptx

Last updated on 14-09-2026

Explanation

• ROM (Read Only Memory) is a non-volatile storage device.
• It stores data permanently even without power.

Additional information:

• RAM (Random Access Memory) is a volatile storage device.
• It loses data when power is off.

Last verified on 17-06-2026

Explanation

• A firewall’s main function is to prevent or block unauthorized access to a computer network.
• It acts as a security barrier between trusted and untrusted networks (like the internet).
• It filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based on security rules.
• It helps protect systems from hackers and unwanted access attempts.

Last verified on 10-06-2026

Explanation

• The dollar sign ($) is used to create an absolute cell reference in MS Excel.

Additional information:

• Absolute Reference: $D$2 (Row and column fixed)
• Relative Reference: D2 (Row and column change)
• Mixed Reference: $D2 (Column fixed)
• Mixed Reference: D$2 (Row fixed)
• Shortcut Key: F4 toggles between reference types.

Last verified on 18-07-2026

Explanation

• The SQL command used to retrieve data from a database table is the SELECT statement.
• This command is fundamental to the Data Query Language (DQL) in SQL.

Last verified on 07-06-2026

Explanation

• Gateway — connects networks with different protocols; performs protocol conversion (works up to the application layer).

Additional information:

• Bridge — connects networks using the same protocol (data link layer).
• Router — connects networks using the same protocol, typically IP (network layer).

Last updated NA on 10-09-2026

Explanation

• Ctrl + B is used in MS Word to make the selected text bold (thick and dark).

Additional information:

• MS word short key for help: F1
• Ctrl + A = Select all
• Ctrl + B = Bold
• Ctrl + I = Italic
• Ctrl + J = Justify
• Ctrl + P = Print
  
• Ctrl + Y = Redo
• Ctrl + S = Save

Last verified on 10-06-2026