Explanation

• PowerPoint is used to create multimedia presentations.
• Combines text, images, audio, video, animations, and charts.
• Developed by Microsoft.
• File extension: .pptx

Last updated on 14-09-2026

Explanation

• A firewall’s main function is to prevent or block unauthorized access to a computer network.
• It acts as a security barrier between trusted and untrusted networks (like the internet).
• It filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based on security rules.
• It helps protect systems from hackers and unwanted access attempts.

Last verified on 10-06-2026

Explanation

• The dollar sign ($) is used to create an absolute cell reference in MS Excel.

Additional information:

• Absolute Reference: $D$2 (Row and column fixed)
• Relative Reference: D2 (Row and column change)
• Mixed Reference: $D2 (Column fixed)
• Mixed Reference: D$2 (Row fixed)
• Shortcut Key: F4 toggles between reference types.

Last verified on 18-07-2026

Explanation

• The SQL command used to retrieve data from a database table is the SELECT statement.
• This command is fundamental to the Data Query Language (DQL) in SQL.

Last verified on 07-06-2026

Explanation

• Gateway — connects networks with different protocols; performs protocol conversion (works up to the application layer).

Additional information:

• Bridge — connects networks using the same protocol (data link layer).
• Router — connects networks using the same protocol, typically IP (network layer).

Last updated NA on 10-09-2026

Explanation

In MS Word, the default alignment for a paragraph is Left (or Left-aligned)

This setting aligns text along the left margin, leaving the right edge ragged

Shortcut: Ctrl+L 

Last updated by NA 15-feb-2026

Explanation

• ROM stands for Read Only Memory.
• It is a type of non-volatile memory.
• So its contents are retained when power is turned off.
• ROM stores important instructions such as firmware and boot instructions.

Additional information:

• RAM → Random Access Memory
• PROM → Programmable Read Only Memory
• EPROM → Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

Last verified on 08-08-2026

Explanation

• A collection of related data is called a Database.
• A database stores and organizes related information so it can be easily accessed, managed, and updated.
• Examples include student records, employee information, and customer details.
• A DBMS (Database Management System) is software used to create and manage databases.

Last verified on 08-08-2026

Explanation

• Email is used to send and receive electronic messages over the Internet.
• It allows users to communicate instantly across the world.
• Emails can include text, documents, images, audio, and video attachments.

Additional information:

• Email stands for: Electronic Mail
• SMTP: Sending emails
• POP3: Receiving/downloading emails
• IMAP: Synchronizing emails across devices
• Email address format: username@domain.com

Last verified on 28-07-2026

Explanation

• IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) uses a 32-bit address system.
• It allows about 4.3 billion unique IP addresses.
• It is written in dotted decimal format (e.g., 192.168.1.1).

Additional information:

• IPv6 length → 128 bits

Last verified on 26-05-2026