Explanation

• Mulching involves covering the soil with organic or synthetic material.
• Helps retain soil moisture and suppress weed growth.
• Common practice in vegetables, orchards, and cash crops.

Last verified on 30-01-2026

Explanation

• Wheat is a rainfed or low-water crop.
• Wheat can grow well with moderate rainfall or irrigation.

Additional information:

• Rice → Requires flooded fields; very high water use.
• Sugarcane → Needs frequent irrigation; water-intensive.

Last verified on 30-01-2026

Explanation

• Chrysanthemum is an ornamental plant grown for flowers.
• It is mostly propagated vegetatively to maintain flower quality.
• Stem cuttings ensure true-to-type plants.

Last verified on 30-01-2026

Explanation

• Seed testing evaluates the quality and viability of seeds before sowing.

Purposes include:

• Seed purity: Ensures seeds are free from weeds and other crop seeds.
• Seed germination: Determines the percentage of seeds that will sprout.
• Seed moisture content: Checks moisture to prevent fungal growth and storage losses.

Last verified on 31-01-2026

Explanation

• Horticulture means پھول، جڑی بوٹیاں، پھل اور سبزیاں کاشت کرنے کا علم
• Horticulture is the agriculture of plants.
  
  
  
  Additional information:
  • Agrostology: Study of grasses 
  • Agronomy: Soil management and crop production 
  • Odontology: Study of teeth 
  • Arthrology: Study of joints 
  • Nephrology: Study of kidneys
  • Hematology: Study of blood  
  • Dermatology: Study of skin

Last verified on 30-01-2026

Explanation

• Guava is commonly propagated by air layering, to maintain true-to-type plants.
• This method ensures early bearing and uniform quality.

Additional information:

• Air layering in guava is usually done during the rainy season for better root development.

Last verified on 27-01-2026

Explanation

• Manure is organic material (e.g., compost, animal dung) that enriches soil with nutrients and improves its structure.
• Adds nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients naturally.
• Enhances water-holding capacity and microbial activity in soil.

Last verified on 31-01-2026

Explanation

• Cotton has medium sensitivity to water stress.

Additional information:

Sensitivity of major crops to water stress:

• Rice – High
• Wheat – Medium
• Sugarcane – Low
• Maize – High

Last verified on 25-01-2026

Explanation

• Hybrid varieties of maize are developed by crossing two genetically different parent lines.
• They give higher yield, better uniformity, and disease resistance compared to open-pollinated varieties.

Additional information:

• Hybrid maize varieties: Sarhad White, FH-810
• Non-hybrid variety: Golden (open-pollinated)

Last verified on 27-01-2026

Explanation

• A hydrometer is an instrument used to measure the specific gravity of liquids.
• It works based on the principle of buoyancy.
• It is widely used to test milk, alcohol, and battery acid.
• Commonly used in laboratories and industries.

Last verified on 30-01-2026