Explanation

• B.T. stands for Bacillus thuringiensis.
• It is a naturally occurring soil bacterium used as a biological pesticide.
• Effective against caterpillars, larvae, and other insect pests in crops.

Last verified on 25-01-2026

Explanation

China (the People's Republic of China) is the country that shares land borders with 

2 Special Administrative Regions (SARs):

1. Hong Kong
2. Macau. 

14 Neighboring Countries:

1. North Korea
2. Russia
3. Mongolia
4. Kazakhstan
5. Kyrgyzstan
6. Tajikistan
7. Afghanistan
8. Pakistan
9. India
10. Nepal
11. Bhutan
12. Myanmar
13. Laos
14. Vietnam

Explanation

• American cotton belongs to the species Gossypium hirsutum.

Additional information:

• Gossypium barbadense – Egyptian cotton
• Gossypium arboreum – Desi/Indian cotton
• Gossypium herbaceum – Asiatic cotton
• Gossypium mustelinum – Brazilian wild cotton

Last verified on 25-01-2026

Explanation

Ambassador Sohail Mahmood assumed charge as the Secretary-General of the D-8

Organization for Economic Cooperation (also known as Developing-8). 

 His tenure began on January 1, 2026

 He is the first Secretary-General from Pakistan

Additional information 

The D-8 is an organization for economic cooperation among:

1. Bangladesh
2. Egypt
3. Indonesia
4. Iran
5. Malaysia
6. Nigeria
7. Pakistan
8. Turkiye. 

Explanation

The first step in extension work is to analyze the situation.

It involves identifying problems, needs, and resources of the target community.

Additional information:

Major steps in extension work:

1. Analyze the situation
2. Program planning
3. Program execution
4. Evaluation
5. Re-planning

Last verified on 25-01-2026

Explanation

• After growing leguminous crops, the soil is replenished with nitrogen.
• Legumes have root nodules containing Rhizobium bacteria.

Additional information:

Examples of leguminous crops:

• Chickpea
• Lentil
• Pea
• Groundnut
• Soybean

Last verified on 25-01-2026

Explanation

The 2nd edition of the Pakistan International Maritime Expo and Conference (PIMEC 2025)

Showcased maritime and defense technology and innovations.

It was held from November 3–6, 2025,

At the Karachi Expo Centre

178 exhibitors (28 international and 150 local) participated, with 44 countries represented.

Explanation

• Planting of a crop before harvesting the first crop is called relay cropping.
• In this system, the second crop is sown while the first crop is still standing.
• It helps in efficient use of time, land, and residual soil moisture.

Last verified on 25-01-2026

Explanation

The 27th Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan, approved in November 2025

Deals with the establishment and powers of the Constitutional Court.

It clarifies the jurisdiction and authority of the court in interpreting the Constitution.

Explanation

• Wet dusting is a soil management practice used to reduce moisture loss.

Additional information:

Soil moisture conservation practices:

• Wet dusting – Controls drought
• Mulching – Reduces evaporation
• Contour farming – Reduces runoff
• Trench planting – Improves water management
• Drip irrigation – Efficient water use

Last verified on 25-01-2026