Explanation

• Chlorosis is the yellowing of plant leaves due to lack of chlorophyll.
• Commonly caused by nutrient deficiencies (N, Fe, Mg), poor drainage, or disease.

Additional information:

• Necrosis refers to death of plant tissue.
• Leaf curl is deformation due to pests or viruses.

Last verified on 25-01-2026

Explanation

• Determining the number of irrigations required during the crop period is called irrigation scheduling.
• It ensures crops receive the right amount of water at the right time.

Additional information:

• Irrigation method – Technique used to supply water (drip, flood, sprinkler)
• Water harvesting – Collecting and storing rainwater for future use
• Crop water requirement – Total water needed for optimal growth
• Field capacity – Maximum water soil can hold for crops

Last verified on 25-01-2026

Explanation

The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine recognized work on peripheral immune tolerance

Awarded jointly to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguch

They identified regulatory T cells (Tregs)—the immune system’s "security guards"—and the FOXP3 gene,

Explanation

• Trickle irrigation, also called drip irrigation.
• It is a high-efficiency irrigation system.
• It delivers water directly to the root zone of plants, minimizing evaporation and runoff.
• Used widely in orchards, row crops, and vegetable cultivation.

Additional information:

Irrigation efficiency classifications:

• Medium efficiency – Sprinkler irrigation
• Low efficiency – Flood or surface irrigation
• Furrow irrigation – Medium to low efficiency
• Subsurface irrigation – High efficiency

Last verified on 25-01-2026

Explanation

Luminosity is the total amount of energy a star emits per second.

It depends on the star’s size and temperature.

Brightness is how bright the star appears from Earth, which can vary with distance.

Magnitude is a scale to measure stellar brightness.

Explanation

Recommended maize populations:

• Spring maize – 35–40 thousand per hectare
• Summer maize – 45–50 thousand per hectare
• Sweet corn – 25–30 thousand per hectare
• Fodder maize – 40–45 thousand per hectare
• Hybrid maize – 50–55 thousand per hectare

Last verified on 25-01-2026

Explanation

Franz Kafka was a German-speaking Bohemian writer.

He is known for his novels and short stories 

Best known for: The Metamorphosis (1915), including The Trial (1925) and The Castle (1926).

Born: 3 July 1883 Prague, Austria-Hungary

Died: 3 June 1924 (aged 40) Klosterneuburg, Austria

Explanation

• Crysoperla, also known as green lacewing.
• It is a predator of aphids.

Additional information:

• Ladybird beetle – Aphids & whiteflies
• Trichogramma – Lepidopteran eggs
• Dragonfly – Mosquitoes
• Lacewing larvae – Mealybugs & mites

Last verified on 25-01-2026

Explanation

Brackish water is a mixture of fresh water and salt water

It is most commonly found in estuaries

The salinity in estuaries is higher than freshwater but lower than seawater.

Explanation

The Dul Hasti Stage II hydropower project is built by India on the Chenab River 

Location: Kishtwar district, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Approved in December 2025

Capacity: 260 MW.

Developer: NHPC Limited.