Explanation

• Galaxy‑2013 is a high-yielding wheat variety developed for improved disease resistance and quality.

Additional information:

• Galaxy‑2013 is suitable for mechanized farming.
• Its grain is hard and suitable for bread and chapati making.

Last verified on 25-01-2026

Explanation

• Visual aids are tools used to enhance learning and communication in agricultural extension.
• Common examples include blackboards and overhead projectors.

Additional information:

• Visual aids support verbal explanations and clarify complex topics.
• Modern aids include PowerPoint, videos, and interactive digital tools.

Last verified on 25-01-2026

Explanation

• Bulb crops are plants that store food in underground bulbs.
• Food stored in bulbs helps the plant survive adverse conditions.
• Common bulb crops include Garlic and Onion.

Additional information:

• Bulb crops are rich in vitamins, minerals, and sulfur compounds.
• They can be propagated vegetatively using cloves or bulbs.

Last verified on 25-01-2026

Explanation

• A toxin is a poison produced naturally by a plant.
• It protects the plant from herbivores and pathogens.

Additional information:

• Examples of toxic plants: Ricinus (Castor), Nerium (Oleander), Datura, Aconitum, Foxglove

Last verified on 25-01-2026

Explanation

Cellular activities require energy to function, which comes from molecules like ATP.

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) stores energy in its phosphate bonds.

When a phosphate bond is broken, energy is released for cellular processes.

This energy powers activities like muscle contraction, nerve signaling, and biosynthesis.

Therefore, phosphate bonds are the primary source of energy in metabolism.

Explanation

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder where the body cannot properly regulate blood glucose.

It occurs due to insufficient insulin production or poor insulin response.

High blood sugar over time can damage organs like the heart, kidneys, and eyes.

Symptoms include frequent urination, excessive thirst, and unexplained weight loss.

Explanation

Shehbaz Sharif was the Prime Minister of Pakistan in December 2025. 

He was re-elected for a second term on March 3, 2024, and continued in office throughout 2025

Explanation

Noble gas atoms generally do not form bonds under normal conditions

Due to their full valence electron shells, making them highly stable and inert.

However, under extreme pressure, low temperatures, or with highly reactive elements like fluorine and oxygen,

They can form compound bonds, primarily involving heavier gases like xenon. 

Explanation

Beta decay emits high-energy, high-speed particles,

Specifically, an electron  along with an antineutrino, or a positron along with a neutrino

These particles are emitted from the atomic nucleus to achieve a more stable neutron-to-proton ratio. 

Explanation

Fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas are primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen.

These elements are stored energy from ancient plants and organisms.

When burned, they release energy along with carbon dioxide and water.

The high carbon and hydrogen content makes them excellent sources of fuel.

Oxygen and nitrogen are present in very small amounts compared to carbon and hydrogen.