Explanation

• General Sahir Shamshad Mirza is identified as the last CJCSC of Pakistan
• Role: He was the 18th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee.
• Tenure: 27 November 2022 – 27 November 2025

Explanation

• The Salt Range is situated south of the Pothohar Plateau.
• Southern edge of the Pothohar Plateau and north of the Jhelum River.

Additional information:

• Region: Northern Punjab
• Highest peak: Sakesar
• Highest elevation: About 1,522 m
• Important rivers: Soan and Jhelum
• Famous for: Large deposits of rock salt, especially the Khewra Salt Mine.

Last verified on 05-10-2026

Explanation

• Major minerals: Copper and Gold
• Location: Chagai District, Balochistan
• Project: Reko Diq Mining Project
• Region: Tethyan Magmatic Belt
• Significance: One of the world's major undeveloped copper-gold deposits.

Last verified on 04-10-2026

Explanation

• Pakistan’s Ranking: 168
• Total Countries: 193

Additional information:

• Topper: Iceland
• Bottom: South Sudan
• Indian Ranking: 130th
• Theme 2025: A matter of choice: People and possibilities in the age of AI
• Human Development Index was developed by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990.

Last verified on 05-10-2026

Explanation

• A black box is a flight recorder used in aircraft.
• It records important flight data and cockpit audio.
• It helps investigators determine the causes of aircraft accidents or incidents.
• The two main types are Flight Data Recorder (FDR) and Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR).

Last verified on 05-10-2026

Explanation

• Watt (W) is the SI unit of power, while kilowatt (kW) is also a unit of power.
• 1 kilowatt = 1,000 watts.
• Power indicates the rate at which energy is used or transferred.

Additional information:

• Kilowatt-hour (kWh) is a unit of electrical energy.

Last verified on 05-10-2026

Explanation

• Polyethylene (PE) is one of the most widely used plastics in the world.
• Because it is lightweight, durable, chemically resistant, and relatively inexpensive.
• It is commonly used to make plastic bags, bottles, containers, packaging films, and household products.
• Polyethylene is produced from ethylene (ethene) through polymerization.

Last verified on 05-10-2026

Explanation

• On 1 March 2026, Pakistan carried out airstrikes against targets in Afghanistan, including Bagram Air Base in Parwan Province.
• The strikes occurred during the Pakistan–Afghanistan conflict that began in late February 2026.
• Pakistan described the military action as part of Operation Ghazab lil-Haq.

Last verified on 04-10-2026

Explanation

• The idiom emphasizes the importance of basic necessities and resources.
• Without essential resources, a person may not be able to work or function effectively.
• It is similar to an empty bag that cannot stand upright without support.

Last verified on 04-10-2026

Explanation

• China — North‑northeast (around 559–595 km)
• Afghanistan — Northwest (~2,400 km+)
• India — East (~2,900 km+)
• Iran — West (~900 km)
• Arabian Sea — South (~1,046 km)

Last verified on 19-03-2026