Explanation

• Traditional walking sticks are commonly made of wood.
• Wood is strong and durable.

Last updated 13 August 2026 by NA

Explanation

Karachi — the origin of the organized community development movement in Pakistan in the early 1950s 

• 1951–1952: UN-aided social welfare initiatives introduced.
• 1952–1953: Pilot community projects launched.
• 1954: First formal urban community development project established in Lyari.
• Focus — slums, health, education, self-help.
• Legacy — foundation for community development nationwide

Explanation

• Fountain House is associated with mental health care and rehabilitation.
• It provides support and rehabilitation services to people with mental illnesses.
• It aims to help individuals achieve better social and functional independence.
• It is based in Lahore, Pakistan.

Explanation

Franz Boas is regarded as the Father of sociocultural anthropology.

• German-American anthropologist (1858–1942)
• Born: July 9, 1858, Minden, Prussia (Germany)
• Died: December 21, 1942 (aged 84), New York City, U.S.

Additional information 

• Anthropology is the scientific study of human beings.
• It covers all humans across time, including past, present, and future societies.

Explanation

• Religion: Sikhism
• Origin: Named after Guru Nanak Dev Ji.
• Purpose: Used to fix dates for important Sikh holy days and celebrations, such as Gurpurbs.
• Start Year: Year 1 begins with the birth of Guru Nanak in 1469 CE

Last updated 13 August 2026 by NA

Explanation

• Decisions related to the scheduling of work are called Operational Decisions.
• Operational decisions deal with the day-to-day activities of an organization.
• They include work scheduling, task assignments, and routine operations.

Additional information

• Tactical decisions are short-to-medium-term choices made by middle managers
• Strategic decisions are high-level choices made by top leaders that determine the long-term direction

Last verified on 13-08-2026

Explanation

• Functional decisions are related to Recruitment.
• Recruitment is a functional activity concerned with selecting and appointing employees.
• Functional decisions deal with specific organizational functions and activities.

Last verified on 13-08-2026

Explanation

• Major decisions in public policy are made by Politicians.
• Politicians are responsible for setting public goals and policy directions.
• Bureaucrats mainly assist in implementing and administering public policies.
• Judges primarily interpret laws and resolve legal disputes.

Last verified on 13-08-2026

Explanation

• New Public Management based on:
• Privatization transfers certain activities or services from government to the private sector.
• Deregulation reduces unnecessary government rules and controls.
• Market orientation promotes competition, efficiency, performance, and customer focus.
• NPM emphasizes applying private-sector management principles to the public sector.

Last updated by NA on 25-08-2026

Explanation

• Capital gain divided by capital gain yield is used to determine the beginning or initial price.
• Capital gain is calculated as Ending Price − Beginning Price.
• Capital gain yield is calculated as Capital Gain ÷ Beginning Price.

Last verified on 13-08-2026