Explanation

Direct Speech: He said, 'By God I am not guilty'.

Indirect speech: He swore by God that he was not guilty. 

Present Tense changes into Past Tense.

He is  changes into He was.

Use second form of verb (swore)

Remove inverted commas.

AGM 30.4.23

Explanation

The full form of modem is modulator/demodulator.

It is a tangible device.

The main job of the modem is to help the computer to send and receive data by using a telephonic wire.

A hybrid computer uses a modem to convert digital signals from a computer into analogue signals.

Explanation

Sulfur and nitrogen compounds in the atmosphere can combine with water and oxygen to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid, leading to acid rain.

Acid rain is a type of precipitation that contains high levels of sulfuric and nitric acid, which can harm the environment, infrastructure, and human health.

Explanation

Air is a homogeneous mixture of the gaseous substances

nitrogen,

oxygen, 

smaller amounts of other substances.

Explanation

The Maastricht Treaty established the EU, created EU citizenship, and paved the way for the euro.

It was signed by 12 countries.

It laid the foundations for the euro and set criteria for countries to join.

Explanation

Pakistan's COVID-19 vaccine drive began on Tuesday, starting with frontline healthcare workers.

Prime Minister Imran Khan attended the launch, where a doctor received the first Sinopharm shot.

China donated 500,000 doses of Sinopharm as a goodwill gesture to assist Pakistan.

Explanation

• Sir Syed Ahmad Khan wrote the book Khutbat-e-Ahmadiya.
• Published: 1870
• Purpose: A scientific and historical defense of the life of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

Explanation

The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia disintegrated into its constituent states in January 1992.

This occurred following the death of Josip Broz Tito in 1980.

Explanation

Vasco da Gama was the first European to reach India by sea, arriving at Calicut in 1498.

Vasco Da Gama was a famous Portuguese Explorer

Vasco Da Gama belonged to Portugal

Vasco da Gama was born in 1460 in the town of Sines

Explanation

C11 and D29 are cell addresses in a spreadsheet, specifically in Microsoft Excel.

• C11 refers to the cell located in column C and row 11.
• D29 refers to the cell located in column D and row 29.

Cell addresses are used to identify specific cells in a spreadsheet, and are typically written in the format "ColumnLetterRowNumber" (e.g., A1, B2, C3, etc.).