Explanation

• A sink is commonly installed in the kitchen.
• It is used for washing utensils, vegetables, and food items.
• Kitchen sinks are connected to the water supply and drainage system.
• They are usually made of stainless steel, ceramic, or granite.
• A wash basin is generally installed in a lavatory (bathroom).

Last verified on 04-08-2026

Explanation

• The Head jamb is the upper horizontal member of a door frame.
• It connects the two side jambs of the frame.
• It supports the top of the door opening.

Additional information:

• The stile is the vertical member of the door shutter.
• A post is a vertical structural member.

Last verified on 04-08-2026

Explanation

In surveying, degree of curve is related to radius by:

For arc definition with 20 m chord: 

Degree of curve D = 1145.92 / R (R in meters)

Given R = 430 m

D = 1145.92 / 430 

D = 2.665° ≈ 2.67°

For arc definition with 30 m arc:

D = 1718.87 / R = 1718.87 / 430 = 4.00°

The most commonly used formula in many countries with 30 m arc gives:

D ≈ 4°

Last verified on 04-08-2026

Explanation

ppm = parts per million = mg of substance per liter of water 

Given:

Salt = 100 mg

Water = 1 liter

For water, 1 liter ≈ 1,000,000 mg

Concentration in ppm = (mg of salt / liters of water)

Concentration in ppm = 100 mg / 1 L = 100 ppm

Last verified on 04-08-2026

Explanation

• A tank in which sedimentation takes place is called a Settling Tank or Clarifier.
• Both terms are commonly used in water and wastewater treatment.
• Suspended solids settle at the bottom due to gravity.
• The clarified water flows out from the top.
• Sedimentation improves the efficiency of the treatment process.

Last verified on 04-08-2026

Explanation

Total water for the year = Q

Number of days in a year = 365

Population = P

Average daily demand per person q = Total water per year / (Number of days * Population)

q = Q / (365 × P)

Last verified on 04-08-2026

Explanation

• Pillar Tap is commonly used with a wash basin.
• It is mounted directly on the basin or countertop.
• Pillar taps are available in hot and cold or single-mixer designs.
• They are widely used in residential and commercial buildings.
• Bib taps are generally used on walls for sinks and outdoor water points.

Last verified on 04-08-2026

Explanation

• Domestic sewage usually contains about 0.10% solid particles.
• The remaining 99.9% is water.
• The solids include organic and inorganic matter.
• These solids are removed during sewage treatment.
• Domestic sewage mainly comes from households.

Last verified on 04-08-2026

Explanation

• Fly Leveling is used to transfer the Reduced Level (RL) from a known Benchmark (BM) to the starting point of a project.
• It establishes a temporary benchmark or starting reference level.
• This is usually the first leveling operation before construction begins.
• It ensures all subsequent levels are based on a known elevation.

Last verified on 04-08-2026

Explanation

• Contingency Allowance: 3–5%
• Work-Charged Establishment: Usually 1.5–2% (varies by department)
• Typical Contractor's Profit: 10%
• Typical Water Charges: 1%
• Purpose: Cover unforeseen expenses

Last verified on 04-08-2026