Explanation

• RAM is the main temporary memory of a computer.
• It stores data and instructions while the computer is working.
• When power is off, RAM data is erased.

Additional information:

• ROM → Permanent memory (read-only)
• Hard Disk → Long-term storage
• SSD → Fast permanent storage
• Cache Memory → Ultra-fast CPU memory

Last verified on 07-05-2026

Explanation

• The Control Unit (CU) is a part of the CPU that manages and directs all computer operations.
• It fetches instructions from memory, decodes them, and coordinates execution by other units.
• Ensures smooth operation of arithmetic, logic, and input/output processes.

Last verified on 09-02-2026

Explanation

• ALU stands for Arithmetic Logic Unit.
• It is a core part of the CPU (Central Processing Unit).
• It performs arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction.
• It also performs logical operations like AND, OR, NOT.
• It is essential for processing data in a computer system.

Last verified on 26-04-2026

Explanation

• In Microsoft Excel, the SUM function is used for addition.
• It adds numbers in a selected range of cells.
• Example: =SUM(A1:A5) adds values from A1 to A5.

Additional information:

• AVERAGE → calculates mean
• COUNT → counts numbers
• MAX → finds highest value
• MIN → finds lowest value
• PRODUCT → multiplies values

Last verified on 19-04-2026

Explanation

F5: Starts the slideshow from the beginning.

Shift+F5: Starts the slideshow from the current slide.

Alt+F5: Starts the presentation in Presenter View. 

Last updated 15-feb-2026

Explanation

An email address consists of two parts: 

1. Username or ID (the name or ID chosen by the user)
2. Domain name (the name of the organization or service provider).

Format: Username@Domainname.com

Example: john.doe@example.com

Additional information:

• Email, short for Electronic Mail, has its roots in the early 1960s.
• The first email was sent in 1971 by Ray Tomlinson.
• He also introduced the "@" symbol to separate the username from the hostname.

Last verified on 19-04-2026

Explanation

• PNG, JPEG, and GIF are image file formats used to store pictures.
• They are widely used in websites, graphics, and digital media.
• Each format has different compression and quality features.
• JPEG is best for photos.
• PNG for high-quality images.
• GIF for animations.

Last verified on 19-04-2026

Explanation

To find the decimal equivalent of the binary number 1011:

(1 × 2³) + (0 × 2²) + (1 × 2¹) + (1 × 2⁰)

= (1 × 8) + (0 × 4) + (1 × 2) + (1 × 1)

= 8 + 0 + 2 + 1

= 11

Last verified on 12-04-2026

Explanation

The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model has seven layers

1. Layer 7: Application Layer – User interface and network applications (e.g., HTTP, FTP).
2. Layer 6: Presentation Layer – Data formatting, encryption, and compression.
3. Layer 5: Session Layer – Managing sessions between applications.
4. Layer 4: Transport Layer – End-to-end connections, flow control, and segmentation (e.g., TCP, UDP).
5. Layer 3: Network Layer – Logical addressing and routing (e.g., IP).
6. Layer 2: Data Link Layer – Physical addressing (MAC addresses) and error detection.
7. Layer 1: Physical Layer – Raw data transmission over physical media (cables, radio waves)

Last updated 15-feb-2026

Explanation

The size of information in the computer is measured in: 

• 1024 kilobytes (KB) is equal to 1 megabyte (MB).
• One Megabyte (MB) = 1024 Kilobytes (KB
• One Gigabyte (GB) =  1024 Megabytes MB
• One Terabyte (TB)= 1024 gigabytes (GB).