Explanation

• The physical appearance of an organism, such as height, color, or shape, is called phenotype.
• It is the result of the interaction between genotype (genetic makeup) and the environment.

Additional information:

• Examples: Eye color, hair color, leaf shape in plants, body size in animals.
• Genotype refers to the genetic code, not visible traits.

Last verified on 19-01-2026

Explanation

• Soy sauce is produced by the fermentation of soybeans.
• Microorganisms like Aspergillus oryzae or Aspergillus sojae are used in the process.
• It is widely used as a flavoring condiment in Asian cuisine.

Additional information:

Other Ingredients in Soy Sauce (5):

1. Wheat (for flavor)
2. Salt
3. Water
4. Lactic acid bacteria
5. Yeast

Types of Soy Sauce: Light, Dark, Tamari

Last verified on 19-01-2026

Explanation

• The primary step of soil erosion is caused by raindrop impact, known as splash erosion.
• Rain drops dislodge soil particles, starting the erosion process.
• It eventually leads to sheet erosion and rill erosion if uncontrolled.

Additional information:

Factors Increasing Erosion (5):

1. Heavy rainfall
2. Bare soil
3. Slope gradient
4. Deforestation
5. Poor soil structure

Last verified on 19-01-2026

Explanation

• Scarification is the process of breaking seed dormancy by scratching, nicking, or softening the seed coat.
• It helps water and gases penetrate the seed, promoting germination.
• Commonly used for seeds with hard or impermeable coats.

Additional information:

Examples of Scarification (5):

1. Tamarind
2. Acacia
3. Lotus
4. Eucalyptus
5. Morning Glory

Stratification: Breaking dormancy by cold or moist treatment

Germination: The actual sprouting of a seed

Last verified on 19-01-2026

Explanation

• Parent material is the original rock or mineral from which soil develops.
• It is considered a passive factor in soil weathering.
• The type of parent material affects soil texture, mineral content, and fertility.

Additional information:

Examples of Parent Material (5):

1. Granite
2. Limestone
3. Sandstone
4. Basalt
5. Shale

Last verified on 19-01-2026

Explanation

• Trapping of pests comes under mechanical control.
• It involves physical methods to catch or remove pests.

1. Traps
2. Hand picking
3. Netting
4. Barriers
5. Light traps

Last verified on 19-01-2026

Explanation

• The most widely grown wheat in the world is hexaploid wheat.
• It has 6 sets of chromosomes (2n = 42).
• Common bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is hexaploid.

Additional information:

• Diploid wheat: 2n = 14 (e.g., Triticum monococcum)
• Tetraploid wheat: 2n = 28 (e.g., Durum wheat)

Last verified on 19-01-2026

Explanation

• The fruit of sunflower is an Achene, a small, dry, one-seeded fruit.
• In an achene, the seed coat is not fused with the fruit wall.
• This type of fruit does not open at maturity.

Additional information:

Common Examples of Achene (5):

1. Sunflower
2. Buttercup
3. Clematis
4. Strawberry (true fruits are achenes)
5. Ranunculus

Last verified on 19-01-2026

Explanation

• The sugar present in DNA is deoxyribose.
• Deoxyribose is a pentose sugar, meaning it has 5 carbon atoms.
• This sugar forms part of the DNA backbone.

Additional information:

• DNA Sugar: Deoxyribose (C₅H₁₀O₄)
• RNA Sugar (for comparison): Ribose (also 5 carbons)

Last verified on 19-01-2026

Explanation

• The word Antiemesis is derived from the Greek language.
• “Anti” means against and “Emesis” means vomiting.

Additional information:

• Medical Use: Antiemetic drugs stop nausea and vomiting
• Common Examples: Ondansetron, Metoclopramide

Last verified on 19-01-2026