Henry Moseley's famous work in 1913 showed that the chemical properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic number (Z), not their atomic mass.
This discovery led to the modern periodic table, where elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number (Z), rather than atomic mass.
The periodic table divided into S, P, d, and f block based on Electronic Configuration.
S block: The s block includes the first two columns of the periodic table, which are the alkali and alkaline earth metals.
P block: The p block includes the elements in the six columns on the right side of the periodic table.
D block: The d block includes the elements in the ten columns in the middle of the periodic table. These are also known as the transition metals.
F block: The f block includes the elements at the bottom of the periodic table, which are known as the inner transition metals or lanthanides and actinides.
In 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev proposed his periodic law, which states: "When the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic mass, certain sets of properties recur periodically."
This law allowed him to create the first periodic table, where elements were arranged in a logical order based on their atomic masses and chemical properties.
In Rutherford's famous experiment, known as the "Gold Foil Experiment" or "Rutherford's Scattering Experiment", a thin layer of zinc sulphide (ZnS) was used as the screen to detect the scattered alpha particles.
Zinc sulphide is a phosphor that emits light when struck by radiation, allowing Rutherford to visualize the trajectory of the alpha particles.
