Explanation

• Giant pandas are an endangered species, due to habitat loss, low birth rates, and other factors.
• Conservation efforts are in place to protect this iconic species.

Explanation

• The poisonous gas which is the main byproduct of motor vehicles with an irritating smell is sulfur dioxide (SO₂).
• Sulfur dioxide is produced by the combustion of fossil fuels containing sulfur and contributes to air pollution and respiratory problems.

Explanation

• Carbon dioxide (CO2) is produced when trees and fossil fuels are burned, through a process called combustion.
• Combustion releases carbon dioxide and water vapor into the atmosphere.

Explanation

• Acid rain affects the photosynthesis and growth of plants.
• Acid rain can alter soil chemistry and damage leaves, which in turn negatively impacts the photosynthesis process and overall plant health.

Explanation

MMR vaccines are given to children to develop resistance against:

• Measles
• Mumps
• Rubella (German measles)

Explanation

• Vaccines contain disease-producing pathogens (such as viruses or bacteria) in a weakened or attenuated form, or sometimes only a small portion of the pathogen (such as a protein or sugar).
• This allows the body to develop immunity against the pathogen without actually causing the disease.

Explanation

• Human insulin is inserted into bacteria, specifically E. coli, for the commercial preparation of insulin.
• This is done through genetic engineering, where the human insulin gene is cloned into a plasmid and then transformed into E. coli cells.
• The bacteria then produce human insulin, which can be harvested and used as a medication for diabetes.

Explanation

• Bacteria are used in genetic engineering because they have the ability to multiply quickly, allowing for rapid production of large quantities of recombinant DNA.
• This is especially true for E. coli, which has a short generation time and can produce large amounts of protein.

Explanation

The information in DNA is stored in the form of a code having 4 organic bases:

• Adenine (A)
• Guanine (G)
• Cytosine (C)
• Thymine (T)

Explanation

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is a large molecule made up of smaller units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of:

• A sugar molecule (deoxyribose)
• A phosphate group
• One of four nitrogenous bases: Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), and Thymine (T)