Explanation

In 1969, Whittaker proposed a system of classification that divided all living organisms into five kingdoms:

1. Monera (bacteria and cyanobacteria)
2. Protista (protozoa, algae, and slime molds)
3. Fungi (mushrooms, molds, and yeasts)
4. Plantae (plants)
5. Animalia (animals)

Explanation

• The freezing point of water is 0°C (zero degrees Centigrade). 
• The boiling point of water is 100°C (one hundred degrees Centigrade).

Explanation

• The temperature range of the clinical thermometer is 94°F to 108°F.
• A clinical thermometer is a device that measures the temperature of the body.
• A mercury bulb is located at the end of a long, narrow glass tube.
• The average body temperature is 37° C, but it can range between 35 and 42° C.

Explanation

• The Fahrenheit scale has 180 divisions between the freezing point (32°F) and the boiling point (212°F) of water.
• This means that each degree Fahrenheit represents a temperature change of 1/180 of the range between the freezing and boiling points of water.

Explanation

In the Fahrenheit scale:

• The freezing point of water is 32°F
• The boiling point of water is 212°F

Explanation

There are three main scales used to measure temperature:

1. Celsius scale: Water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C.
2. Fahrenheit scale: Water freezes at 32°F and boils at 212°F.
3. Kelvin scale: Absolute zero (the theoretical minimum temperature) is 0K, and water freezes at 273.15K and boils at 373.15K.

Explanation

• A thermometer is typically made up of a glass tube filled with Mercury (Hg), a silvery-white liquid metal.
• The Mercury expands or contracts in response to changes in temperature, allowing us to measure the temperature.

Explanation

• James Prescott Joule established that the various forms of energy, mechanical, electrical and heat, are basically the same and can be changed from one form into another.
• He demonstrated that different forms of energy are interchangeable in his most famous experiment, published in 1845, using a paddle wheel to show that mechanical energy could be changed into thermal energy.

Explanation

• Heat is measured in Joules (J), which is the unit of energy.
• Heat is a form of energy transferred from one body to another due to a temperature difference.

Explanation

The properties used to describe heat are:

• Hot (high temperature)
• Energy (thermal energy)
• Cold (low temperature)