Explanation

• Freshwater is water that contains a very low amount of salt, typically less than 1% salinity.
• Examples of freshwater sources include rivers, lakes, streams, and underground aquifers.

Last verified on 28-10-2026

Explanation

• Peptide hormones consist of short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
• Examples include oxytocin and vasopressin.
• They each containing 9 amino acids, and TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone), which contains 3 amino acids.

Last verified on 28-10-2026

Explanation

• Myopia (short-sightedness) is a vision defect in which distant objects appear blurry, while nearby objects are usually seen clearly.
• In myopia, light focuses in front of the retina instead of directly on it.
• Myopia is corrected using concave (diverging) lenses.

Additional information:

• Hyperopia (long-sightedness) mainly causes difficulty seeing nearby objects clearly.

Last verified on 28-10-2026

Explanation

• The active site is the specific region of an enzyme where the substrate binds and the chemical reaction takes place.
• Its shape and chemical properties help the enzyme recognize the correct substrate.
• The active site may contain charged amino acids that help bind the substrate and catalyze the reaction.

Additional information:

• A holoenzyme is a complete, active enzyme consisting of a protein part and its required cofactor.
• A coenzyme is an organic helper molecule that assists an enzyme in its function.

Last verified on 28-10-2026

Explanation

• Walter Bradford Cannon introduced the term homeostasis in 1926.
• He developed the concept based on the earlier work of French physiologist Claude Bernard.
• Homeostasis is the ability of the body to maintain a relatively stable internal environment despite changes outside the body.
• Examples include maintaining body temperature, blood glucose levels, and water balance.

Last verified on 28-10-2026

Explanation

• The study of the structure of tissues of plants and animals is known as Histology.
• It involves examining the structure, composition, and function of cells and tissues under a microscope.
  

Additional information:

• Geology is the study of rocks and Earth's structure.
• Radiology is the study of medical imaging techniques like X-rays and MRI.

Last verified on 22-01-2026

Explanation

• Osteology is the branch of anatomy that deals with the study of bones.
• The adult human skeleton typically contains 206 bones.
• Bones provide support, protect internal organs, help in movement, store minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, and produce blood cells in the bone marrow.

Additional information:

• Morphology studies the form and structure of organisms.
• Cytology deals with the study of cells.

Last verified on 28-10-2026

Explanation

• A synapse is the junction where a neuron communicates with another neuron or another cell, such as a muscle or gland cell.
• At a chemical synapse, the neuron releases chemical messengers called neurotransmitters to transmit signals across the synaptic cleft.
• Synapses help control important functions such as movement, learning, memory, and reflex actions.

Last verified on 28-10-2026

Explanation

• The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes 12 pairs of cranial nerves that originate from the brain.
• These nerves primarily control functions of the head, neck, and some internal organs like the heart and lungs.

Last verified on 28-10-2026

Explanation