Explanation

Each mole of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) stores energy equivalent to:

• 7.3 kilocalories (kcal) per mole (approximately)
• 17.3 kilojoules (kJ) per mole (approximately)

Explanation

• The loss of electrons and protons (H+ ions) is called oxidation.
• Oxidation is a chemical reaction that involves the loss of electrons or the addition of oxygen.
• Resulting in a change in the oxidation state of an atom, molecule, or ion.

Explanation

In cellular respiration, each mole of glucose typically produces about 36-38 ATP molecules.

To determine how many moles of glucose are consumed to produce 180 ATP molecules, we can use the following calculation:

180 ATP/36 ATP or mole of glucose = 5 moles of glucose

Thus, 5 moles of glucose are consumed to produce 180 ATP molecules.

Explanation

• The electron transport chain (ETC) is the stage of aerobic respiration that takes place at the cristae of mitochondria.
• The cristae are specialized infoldings of the mitochondrial inner membrane, where the ETC complexes are embedded.

Explanation

• The energy released (14135 KJ) is equivalent to the energy released from the oxidation of glucose (C6H12O6), which is typically around 2820 KJ/mol.
• To find the number of moles of glucose consumed, you can divide the energy released (14135 KJ) by the energy released per mole of glucose (2820 KJ/mol):
• 14135 KJ ÷ 2820 KJ/mol = 5 mol

Explanation

When water vapour in the air condenses and accumulates around a dust particle near the ground, fog is formed.

Cloud of small water droplets near ground level that is dense enough to reduce horizontal visibility to less than about 3,000 ft (1,000 m).

Fog may also refer to clouds of smoke particles (smog), ice particles, or mixtures of these components.

Explanation

• The lock and key model proposes that the enzyme and substrate have specific, complementary geometric shapes that fit together perfectly, like a key fitting into a lock.
• This means that the active site of the enzyme is a rigid, pre-formed structure that perfectly complements the shape of the substrate.

Explanation

• The rate of a chemical reaction typically increases when the temperature increases.
• As higher temperatures provide more energy for the reactant molecules to collide and react.

Explanation

• Organic solvents are not a typical factor that affects enzyme activity.
• In fact, many enzymes are denatured or inactivated in the presence of organic solvents.
• As they can disrupt the enzyme's native structure and function.

Explanation

• Chemical reactions require specific conditions to proceed at a proper rate.
• Temperature and pressure are two of the most important factors that influence reaction rates.