Explanation

• Zoospores are motile (capable of movement) spores found in some algae, fungi, and protozoa.
• They move using flagella in water or moist environments.
• Help in asexual reproduction.

Last verified on 06-02-2026

Explanation

• A gamete is a sex cell with a nucleus that fuses with another gamete during sexual reproduction.
• Male gamete = sperm, Female gamete = egg (ovum).
• Fusion of gametes is called fertilization.
• Gametes are haploid (contain half the chromosomes).
• Essential for offspring formation.

Last verified on 06-02-2026

Explanation

• Definition: Process where mRNA sequence is decoded to make a protein
• Location: Ribosomes in cytoplasm (or rough ER in eukaryotes)
• Inputs: mRNA, tRNA, amino acids, ribosomes
• Steps: Initiation → Elongation → Termination
• Outcome: Polypeptide chain (protein) is formed according to mRNA code

Last verified on 05-02-2026

Explanation

• Scientific Name: Mangifera indica
  • Common Name: Mango / آم
  • Family: Anacardiaceae
  • Origin: South Asia (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh)
  • Major Cultivation: India, Pakistan, Mexico, Philippines, Thailand

Last verified on 05-02-2026

Explanation

• Total Essential Elements: 16
• Macronutrients (9): Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Sulfur (S)
• Micronutrients (7): Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Boron (B), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Molybdenum (Mo), Chlorine (Cl)
• Function: Support photosynthesis, protein synthesis, enzyme activity, and overall growth
• Deficiency: Leads to poor growth, chlorosis, stunted development

Last verified on 05-02-2026

Explanation

Photosynthesis

• Definition: Process by which plants synthesize food in the presence of sunlight
• Main Organ: Leaves (chlorophyll in chloroplasts)
• Inputs: Sunlight, CO₂ (carbon dioxide), H₂O (water)
• Outputs: Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and O₂ (oxygen)
• Importance: Provides energy for plants and oxygen for other living organisms

Last verified on 05-02-2026

Explanation

• Definition: Rearing silkworms to produce silk
  • Main Insect: Bombyx mori (mulberry silkworm)
  • Main Food: Mulberry leaves
  • Output: Silk fiber from cocoons
  • Major Producers: China, India, Uzbekistan, Thailand, Vietnam

Last verified on 05-02-2026

Explanation

• Sunlight is a good source of vitamin D.
• When our skin is exposed to sunlight, it produces vitamin D, 
• It is essential for bone health, immune function, and the regulation of calcium levels in the blood.
• Deficiency of Vitamin D results in Rickets.

Explanation

• Citrus plants belong to the Rutaceae family.
• Includes oranges, lemons, limes, and grapefruits.
• Members are mostly evergreen trees and shrubs.
• Characterized by aromatic leaves and gland-dotted rinds.
• Widely cultivated for fruits and essential oils.

Last verified on 04-02-2026

Explanation

• Lichens are a combination of fungus and algae or cyanobacteria.
• Both organisms benefit from each other, forming a symbiotic relationship.
• Fungus provides structure and protection; algae/cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis.

Last verified on 04-02-2026