Explanation

Infiltration is the process by which water enters the soil from the surface.

It helps replenish groundwater and maintain soil moisture.

Additional information 

Percolation is the downward movement of water through soil layers.

Evaporation is the conversion of water into vapor, and transpiration is water loss from plants.

Explanation

An ecosystem develops through a series of successional stages.

The final, stable stage is called the climax community.

It is characterized by a balanced and self-sustaining ecosystem.

Explanation

Brackish water is a mixture of fresh water and salt water

It is most commonly found in estuaries

The salinity in estuaries is higher than freshwater but lower than seawater.

Explanation

Glucose is mainly synthesized in plants through photosynthesis.

Carbon dioxide provides the carbon atoms needed for glucose formation.

Water (H₂O) provides hydrogen and electrons but does not contribute carbon.

Explanation

The main purpose of cellular respiration is to convert chemical energy stored in nutrients (specifically glucose) into ATP (adenosine triphosphate),

They acts as the usable energy currency for cellular processes.

It breaks down glucose in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP, carbon dioxide, and water. 

Explanation

• A toxin is a poison produced naturally by a plant.
• It protects the plant from herbivores and pathogens.

Additional information:

• Examples of toxic plants: Ricinus (Castor), Nerium (Oleander), Datura, Aconitum, Foxglove

Last verified on 25-01-2026

Explanation

Cellular activities require energy to function, which comes from molecules like ATP.

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) stores energy in its phosphate bonds.

When a phosphate bond is broken, energy is released for cellular processes.

This energy powers activities like muscle contraction, nerve signaling, and biosynthesis.

Therefore, phosphate bonds are the primary source of energy in metabolism.

Explanation

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder where the body cannot properly regulate blood glucose.

It occurs due to insufficient insulin production or poor insulin response.

High blood sugar over time can damage organs like the heart, kidneys, and eyes.

Symptoms include frequent urination, excessive thirst, and unexplained weight loss.

Explanation

Fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas are primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen.

These elements are stored energy from ancient plants and organisms.

When burned, they release energy along with carbon dioxide and water.

The high carbon and hydrogen content makes them excellent sources of fuel.

Oxygen and nitrogen are present in very small amounts compared to carbon and hydrogen.

Explanation

The Sun produces energy through nuclear fusion in its core.

In fusion, hydrogen nuclei combine to form helium, releasing huge energy.

This energy radiates as sunlight, heat, and solar radiation.

Fusion is different from fission, which splits heavy nuclei.

Solar energy powers life on Earth and can be harnessed for electricity.