Explanation

Animal waste is generally more hazardous than plant waste.

Reason:

- Animal waste can carry pathogens (bacteria, viruses, parasites).

- It produces methane and ammonia, which are harmful gases.

- It can contaminate water sources if not managed properly.

- Contains nitrogen and phosphorus, which cause water pollution (eutrophication).

Explanation

Vegetable oil + Sulphur dioxide → Margarine

- Vegetable oil is hydrogenated in the presence of catalysts.  

- Sulphur dioxide (SO₂) acts as a preservative in the margarine-making process.  

- The final product: Margarine — a butter substitute used in cooking and baking.

Explanation

- The Haber process combines 1 part nitrogen (N₂) and 3 parts hydrogen (H₂) to form ammonia (NH₃).  

- Balanced reaction: N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃

Explanation

 In the second quadrant: sin is positive, cos and tan are negative.  

- So, the condition fits only in Quadrant II.

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Explanation

Cement does typically contain a small percentage of gypsum.

Gypsum (calcium sulfate dihydrate, (CaSO4 ⋅ 2H2O) is added to cement primarily to regulate the setting time.

The percentage of gypsum in cement is usually around 2-5%.

It prevents the cement from setting too quickly by controlling the rate at which the cement hydrates and hardens. 

Explanation

Gypsum (calcium sulfate dihydrate, (CaSO4 ⋅ 2H2O) is added to cement primarily to regulate the setting time.

The percentage of gypsum in cement is usually around 2-5%.

It prevents the cement from setting too quickly by controlling the rate at which the cement hydrates and hardens. 

Explanation

 Ammonium Nitrate is a chemical compound made from:

  - Ammonium ion (NH₄⁺)

  - Nitrate ion (NO₃⁻)

- It is widely used in:

  - Fertilizers (due to its high nitrogen content)

  - Explosives (when mixed with fuel oil - ANFO)

  - Cold packs (due to their endothermic dissolution)

Molecular Formula: NH₄NO₃  

Molar Mass: 80.04 g/mol

Explanation

- Molar mass of NH₄NO₃ = 14×2 (N) + 1×4 (H) + 16×3 (O)  

  = 28 + 4 + 48 = 80 g/mol

- Total nitrogen mass = 14×2 = 28 g

- % Nitrogen = (28 / 80) × 100 = 35% (but in many resources 33.5% is taken as approximate due to rounding)

Explanation

If reactants and products do not change over time in a reversible reaction, the reaction is in a state of dynamic chemical equilibrium.

This is a dynamic state because both the forward and reverse reactions continue to occur at equal rates,

This results in constant concentrations of reactants and products, rather than the reactions coming to a complete stop. 

Explanation

Definition: The period is the duration of a single oscillation. 

Symbol: It is typically represented by the letter 'T'. 

Units: The standard unit for a period is seconds. 

Relationship with Frequency: Period (T) and frequency (f) are inversely related, meaning: 

T = 1/f

f = 1/T