Explanation

Formalin is an aqueous solution of formaldehyde (HCHO), stabilized by a small amount of methanol (CH₃OH) to prevent polymerization.

Typical composition of formalin:

- 40% Formaldehyde (HCHO)

- 8% Methanol (CH₃OH)

- 52% Water (H₂O)

Explanation

The alcohol that will give an oily layer upon heating is 3-Methyl-2-butanol.

This is determined using the Lucas test, which distinguishes between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols based on their reaction time with the Lucas reagent (a mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid and anhydrous zinc chloride). 

Explanation

Aldehydes like formaldehyde (HCHO) and acetaldehyde (CH₃CHO) undergo polymerization in the presence of acidic catalysts.

For the options provided, the correct catalyst is Conc. H₂SO₄. 

Polymerization process for these two aldehydes:

Formaldehyde (HCHO)

With acid catalysts:

• In the presence of an acid such as concentrated sulfuric acid, formaldehyde can polymerize to form cyclic trimers and tetramers.
• The most common product is 1,3,5-trioxane, a cyclic trimer.

General polymerization:

• Formaldehyde readily polymerizes even in neutral or basic conditions to form paraformaldehyde, a straight-chain polymer. 
• Acetaldehyde (CH₃CHO)

With acid catalysts:

• Acetaldehyde, when treated with strong acids like concentrated sulfuric acid, trimerizes to form paraldehyde, a cyclic trimer.
• At lower temperatures, it can also form the cyclic tetramer, metaldehyde.

With acid/base catalysts:

• Acetaldehyde also undergoes aldol polymerization, which can be initiated by both acidic and basic catalysts to form different products. 

Explanation

Carboxylic acids have a high boiling point because they can form strong hydrogen bonds with each other, which significantly increases the force required to overcome these bonds and vaporize the liquid. 

Explanation

The compound that will react with 2,2-dimethyl propanoic acid to produce an ester is Ethanol. 

An ester is formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol. 2,2-dimethyl propanoic acid is a carboxylic acid, and ethanol is an alcohol. When these react, they form an ester. 

Explanation

When carboxylic acid reacts with a metal carbonate, a neutralization reaction occurs, producing:

- Salt

- Water (H₂O)

- Carbon dioxide (CO₂) (colorless gas)

Example:  

CH₃COOH + Na₂CO₃ → CH₃COONa + H₂O + CO₂

So, carbon dioxide (CO₂) is the colorless gas evolved.

Explanation

Let the initial rate be R and the initial concentration be [A]

Now, when [A] is doubled, the rate becomes 4R.

From the rate law:  

Rate ∝ [A]^n

So,  

(2)^n = 4  

⇒ n = 2

Explanation

Given:  

- Order w.r.t A = 1  

- Order w.r.t B = 3  

Rate law is written as:  

Rate = k [A]^1 [B]^3

Explanation

 Barium (Ba) has the highest atomic radius among the group 2 elements Be, Ca, and Sr. 

The atomic radius of elements within a group increases as you move down the periodic table.

This is because each subsequent element down the group has an additional electron shell,

This increases the distance between the outermost electrons and the nucleus. 

Explanation

The decomposition of ozone (O₃) is represented by the reaction:  

2 O₃(g) ⇌ 3 O₂(g)

The equilibrium constant (K) for a chemical reaction at a given temperature indicates the extent to which reactants are converted to products.

A very large K value (e.g., 10⁶⁵) implies that the reaction proceeds almost completely toward products, meaning ozone readily decomposes to oxygen under standard conditions (25°C).