Explanation

The azimuthal quantum number (l) determines the shape of an orbital (s, p, d, f).

It is also known as the angular momentum quantum number.

Explanation

Dissociation of a solute is influenced by temperature, nature of solute, and its concentration.

The size of the solvent molecules does not affect how a solute dissociates.

Explanation

The chemical formula Al₂O₃·2SiO₂·2H₂O represents hydrated aluminum silicate, which is the main component of clay.

Clay is soft, fine-grained, and plastic when wet.

It is used in pottery and construction.

Explanation

Aluminum forms a thin, tough layer of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) on its surface when exposed to air.

This protective oxide layer prevents further corrosion of the underlying metal.

Explanation

In diamond, each carbon atom is tetrahedrally bonded to four other carbon atoms via strong covalent bonds.

This covalent network gives diamond its extreme hardness and high melting point.

Explanation

The boiling point of water is the temperature at which its vapor pressure becomes equal to the surrounding external pressure.

Therefore, it directly depends on the atmospheric pressure.

Explanation

Pure solid substances have a sharp and specific melting point, while impurities lower or broaden it.

Melting point is a reliable method to check purity compared to color, shape, or density.

Explanation

Critical temperature depends on intermolecular forces – weaker forces mean lower critical temperature.

N₂ has weaker van der Waals forces compared to CO₂, Ar, and O₂, so it has the lowest critical temperature.

Explanation

In gases, temperature measures the average translational kinetic energy of molecules.

Molecules in gases and liquids may also have rotational and vibrational energy.

But only translational energy is directly proportional to temperature in the ideal gas model.

Explanation

Grignard reagent with CO₂ gives carboxylic acids after hydrolysis, not alcohols.

With HCHO, CH₃CHO, and CH₃COCH₃, alcohols are formed.