Explanation

Potash alum is used in water purification, as a mordant in dyeing, and in the sizing of paper.

Its chemical properties make it versatile in industrial and domestic applications.

Explanation

Irrigation is the artificial supply of water to land to support crop growth.

It helps in farming areas with insufficient rainfall.

Explanation

Hydrochloric acid consists of hydrogen and chlorine in a 1:1 ratio.

Its empirical formula is therefore HCl, representing the simplest ratio of its elements.

Explanation

Water (H₂O) is an inorganic compound as it does not contain carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds.

Alcohol, chloroform, and ethane are organic compounds because they contain carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen.

Explanation

Absolute temperature (0 K) is the theoretical lowest temperature.

At this point, all molecular motion stops, and the system has minimum internal energy.

Explanation

Family B elements are found in the middle of the periodic table (d-block).

They are called transition elements because they form a bridge between highly reactive metals (s-block) and nonmetals (p-block).

Explanation

Molarity is calculated by dividing the number of moles of solute by the volume of solution in liters. 

Therefore, the molarity of pure water is approximately 55.56 moles/L, or approximately 55.5 M. 

Explanation

Van der Waal's forces are weak intermolecular forces caused by temporary dipoles; they hold molecules together lightly.

Ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds are much stronger because they involve full electron sharing or electrostatic attraction between ions.

Explanation

Temperature: Gas solubility usually decreases as temperature rises because higher heat gives gas molecules more energy to escape.

Nature of the gas: Some gases (like CO₂) dissolve easily in water due to chemical interactions, while others (like O₂) are less soluble.

Pressure: According to Henry’s Law, solubility of a gas increases with increasing pressure above the liquid.

Explanation

• Symbol: Na (from Latin natrium)
• Atomic number: 11
• Atomic mass: 22.99 u
• Group: 1 (alkali metals)
• Period: 3
• State at room temperature: Solid