Explanation

Benzene (C₆H₆) has a planar hexagonal ring structure.

It consists of six carbon atoms with alternating single and double bonds (resonance structure).

Explanation

Chloroform (CHCl₃) on warming with silver powder undergoes coupling reaction to form C₂Cl₆ (hexachloroethane).

Reaction:

2CHCl3 → C2Cl6 + H2

Explanation

Alkyl halides react with lithium dialkyl copper reagents (Gilman reagents) in a nucleophilic substitution reaction.

The halide is replaced by the alkyl group, forming alkanes.

Explanation

N = number of neutrons, Z = number of protons.

Nuclei with even numbers of protons and neutrons are more stable due to pairing effects.

Such nuclei have higher binding energy and lower radioactivity.

Explanation

Explanation

A catalyst speeds up the reaction but does not affect the equilibrium position.

Concentration, temperature, and pressure can shift the equilibrium, but the equilibrium constant remains unchanged by a catalyst.

Explanation

The Cyanamide process can also convert nitrogen (N₂) to ammonia (NH₃).

Calcium cyanamide reacts with water to produce ammonia: CaCN2 + 3H2O → CaCO3 + 2NH3

Explanation

Enthalpy (H) is the total heat content of a system at constant pressure.

It represents the energy required to create the system and do work on its surroundings.

Explanation

Noble gases are chemically inert and generally do not form compounds.

Hence, their oxidation state is 0 in elemental form.

Explanation

The azimuthal quantum number (l) determines the shape of an atomic orbital (s, p, d, f).

It also defines the angular momentum of the electron.