Explanation

NMR spectroscopy provides detailed information about the connectivity of atoms within a molecule,

Including the types of carbon and hydrogen atoms present, their relative positions, and the presence of functional groups.

This level of detail allows for a comprehensive understanding of a molecule's structure, making it significantly more informative than the other options. 

Explanation

If the activation energy is increased, the rate of reaction decreases. 

Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to overcome the energy barrier and proceed to form products.

A higher activation energy means that fewer molecules have the necessary energy to react, resulting in a slower reaction rate.

Conversely, a lower activation energy means more molecules can overcome the barrier and react faster. 

Explanation

Robert Hooke discovered the "cell wall" in 1665 when he observed dead cork cells under a microscope.

He named these small compartments "cells" because they reminded him of the rooms in a monastery.

The concept of "protoplast," which refers to the living contents of a cell, was discovered later. 

Explanation

 Propanoyl chloride is an acid chloride, which is a type of acid halide.

Acid halides are characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a halogen atom (like chlorine).

The general formula for an acid halide is RCO-X, where R is an alkyl group and X is a halogen. 

Explanation

 The statement "The amount of heat evolved or absorbed in a chemical reaction is the same no matter the reaction takes place in one step or several steps" describes Hess's law. 

Explanation

Melting ice below 0°C by applying pressure is a spontaneous physical change. 

Physical change:

This is correct because the process only changes the state of water from solid to liquid, without altering its chemical composition. 

Spontaneous:

• Under the applied pressure, the ice will naturally melt even below 0°C.
• A spontaneous process occurs without any external energy input. 

Explanation

Benzene is more volatile because it has a low boiling point and evaporates quickly at room temperature.

Volatility refers to a liquid's tendency to vaporize — benzene does so more readily than the others listed.

Explanation

Methanol (CH₃OH) is polar due to the presence of the highly electronegative –OH group and its bent geometry.

Other molecules like CO₂ and CCl₄ are non-polar because of their symmetrical shape, despite having polar bonds.

Explanation

Isotopes are atoms with different atomic masses that have the same atomic number.

The atoms of different isotopes are atoms of the same chemical element; they differ in the number of neutrons in the nucleus.

Isotopes:

• The isotopes are a group of atoms that have the same atomic numbers but different mass numbers.
• That means all isotopes of an element have the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei and the same number of electrons in the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus.

Difference between isotopes

• Isotopes differ in the total number of neutrons present in their respective atomic nuclei.
• Thus they have different mass numbers.
• Different isotopes of the same element are having different masses.
• Protium (1 proton,1 electron, and no neutrons), Deuterium (1 proton, 1 electron, and 1 neutron), and Tritium (1 proton, 1 electron, and 2 neutrons) are examples of isotopes of Hydrogen.

Explanation

At room temperature, H₂ (hydrogen) has the lowest density among Ne (neon), N₂ (nitrogen), and CO (carbon monoxide). 

Density is directly proportional to molar mass, meaning the gas with the lowest molar mass will have the lowest density.

Hydrogen has the lowest molar mass among the listed gases, making it the least dense.