Explanation

NH₄Cl (Ammonium chloride) contains three types of chemical bonds:

• Covalent bond → Between N (Nitrogen) and H (Hydrogen) in the NH₄⁺ (Ammonium ion).
• Coordinate (Dative) bond → Between N and one of the H atoms, where nitrogen donates a lone pair.
• Ionic bond → Between NH₄⁺ (Ammonium ion) and Cl⁻ (Chloride ion).

Explanation

Neon (Ne) is a noble gas.

It is exists as a monoatomic (single-atom) molecule under normal conditions.

Explanation

Common Ion Effect – NaCl releases Cl⁻ ions, which do not react with H₂S but increase the ionic strength of the solution, reducing H₂S solubility.

Salting-Out Effect – High salt concentration decreases the solubility of gases like H₂S in water by reducing water’s ability to dissolve nonpolar molecules.

Explanation

Surface area – Greater surface area increases the rate of evaporation.

Wind speed – Higher wind speed removes water vapor quickly, enhancing evaporation.

Explanation

The maximum number of electrons in any shell is determined by the formula 2n², where n is the principal quantum number.

This formula comes from quantum mechanics and defines the electron capacity of energy levels in an atom.

Explanation

Rhombic sulphur and monoclinic sulphur coexist at 95.5°C, known as the transition temperature.

Below 95.5°C, rhombic sulphur is stable, while above it, monoclinic sulphur is more stable.

Explanation

Talcum powder is made from soap-stone (talc).

It is a soft mineral composed of magnesium, silicon, and oxygen.

It is widely used in cosmetics, baby powder, and industrial applications for its moisture-absorbing and friction-reducing properties.

Explanation

Paper chromatography.

• Most common and simplest technique
• Needs minimal equipment
• Easy to perform
• Uses paper as the stationary phase and solvent as the mobile phase
• Separates components by their affinity for the two phases

Explanation

Scuba tanks contain a mixture of nitrogen (N₂) and oxygen (O₂), commonly called compressed air or nitrox.

Nitrogen prevents oxygen toxicity at high pressures, which can occur in deep-sea diving.

Explanation

Polymerization is the chemical process where small molecules (monomers) join to form large chains (polymers), which make up plastics.

Petroleum-derived hydrocarbons are used in this process to create various plastic materials like polyethylene and polypropylene.